绿色信贷对商业银行财务绩效的影响研究外文翻译资料

 2023-03-27 18:40:20

绿色信贷对商业银行财务绩效的影响研究

尹兴邦 安徽财经大学经济学院

摘要:本文从绿色信贷的角度,关于绿色信贷影响商业银行的财务绩效进行了理论分析。本文选取了15家商业银行2012年至2018年的面板数据,对其影响机制进行了实证分析。结果显示,在短期内,绿色信贷对商业银行的财务绩效有负面影响,中小型商业银行面临的不利影响明显高于大型商业银行,呈现出异质性的影响。这也揭示了商业银行实施绿色信贷的效果及其实施绿色信贷的主动性和积极性不高的原因。鉴于此,本文针对不同类型的商业银行提出了具体的政策建议,认为商业银行应当从差异化的政策导向和加大跨学科人才培养等方面有效推进绿色信贷业务。

关键词:绿色信贷;财务业绩;异质性影响

  1. 引言

我国以绿色信贷为基础的绿色金融政策和理念正在全国范围内广泛推广和实施,其目的是为了实现经济和社会的可持续发展。在我国的金融体系中,银行业的金融资产占金融总资产的91.54%,而它的业务占银行业资产的49.50%[1]。在金融资源的配置过程中,绿色信贷在促进绿色金融方面发挥了核心作用。

绿色信贷是指商业银行通过信贷手段积极引导资金流向,减少对'高污染、产能过剩'行业和项目的贷款,同时加大对低排放、低污染行业和项目的信贷支持,逐步改变'粗放式'经营'的商业模式,从而促进地方绿色经济发展。从2019年6月底我国21家主要银行的数据可以看出,虽然绿色信贷总量已达10万亿元以上,但却呈现出'高增速、低比重'的局面,其年增长率为12.8%,而比重仅维持在6.5%左右[2] 。绿色信贷在对商业银行的竞争力和环境风险管理有一定影响。商业银行需要结合自身的资源和定位,在收益和成本之间做出权衡。因此,研究商业银行实施绿色信贷政策后对其财务业绩的影响,有利于不同类型的商业银行认清形势,更好地实施绿色信贷政策,从而促进绿色信贷的健康发展。

  1. 文献综述

近年来,学者们关于绿色信贷影响商业银行的财务绩效问题进行了大量的理论和实证分析。王晓洛提出,环境治理投资将随着银行资产质量的提高而增加[1];Lazzatoni等人认为,绿色金融的发展将对商业银行的财务绩效产生显著影响 [2];Campiglio提出,商业银行应避免对自身经营现状可能产生的不利影响,并可拒绝向低碳企业和环境友好型企业贷款的决定[3]。张长江等人基于绿色声誉的中介效应讨论了绿色信贷与商业银行绩效的关系,认为尽管商业银行实施绿色信贷政策仍会产生不利影响,但绿色信贷借贷行为会产生绿色声誉效应,从而对提高商业银行的财务绩效起到积极作用[4];闫廷峰等人从系统分析的角度出发,提出了绿色信贷与商业银行绩效的关系,认为绿色信贷对商业银行财务绩效的短期影响较弱,但长期影响较为明显,因为绿色信贷在短期内难以迅速改善商业银行收入低、成本高的现状,进而影响其经营利润,但从长期来看有助于提高商业银行的盈利能力[5]

  1. 变量和数据
    1. 解释的变量

通过对实证文章的梳理和分析,本文发现国内学者对用哪些财务指标来衡量商业银行的财务绩效存在不同的看法。若忽略与商业银行财务杠杆有关的风险,可以选择净资产收益率(ROE);如果从综合衡量商业银行各方面资产的盈利能力角度考虑,可以选择总资产收益率(ROA)。本文从综合收益的角度出发,所以选择后者(ROA)。

    1. 核心解释变量

关于如何评价商业银行的绿色信贷业务程度,国内有学者主张用绿色信贷比率(即绿色信贷余额占贷款总额的比例)来衡量,但由于绿色信贷业务发展的时间和深度有限,导致绿色信贷比率较低,难以做出客观的评价。因此,本文以绿色信贷余额(GL)为核心解释变量,并取自然对数以减少数据的波动。该值越大,说明绿色信贷的规模越大,商业银行投入的绿色资金越多[6]

    1. 其他控制变量

(1)银行特征变量。考虑到各种因素,衡量商业银行财务绩效的控制变量一般可以采用代表商业银行贷款损失准备金充足性的指标,如拨备覆盖率(BBFGL),而不良贷款率(BLDKL)和资本充足率(CAR)的抵御风险能力也可以借助于商业银行资产规模(SIZE)指标进行分析。一般来说,总资产规模较大的商业银行更有能力利用规模经济来降低成本,增加利润。在实证分析中,可以通过相应变量的对数转换来减少数据的波动。

(2)宏观经济变量。衡量宏观经济发展水平的指标,包括与经济发展和价格总水平有关的指标。本文选择国内生产总值(GDP)、广义货币供应量(M2)和消费者价格指数(CPI),从宏观角度衡量外部经济变化对商业银行的影响。综上所述,本文最终选择的模型变量如表1所示。

表1.模型变量

可变类别

变量名称

符号

被解释的变量

总资产收益率

ROA

解释变量

绿色信贷余额

GL

控制变量

拨备覆盖率

BBFGL

坏账率

BLDKL

资本充足率

CAR

银行规模

SIZE

国内生产总值

GDP

消费者物价指数

CPI

货币供应

M2

  1. 实证分析
  2. 1 模型设置

本文采用的是Husman检验。该检验的原假设是:随机效应模型中的个人影响与解释变量无关。根据最终的检验结果,该样本可以拒绝原假设。因此,在建立静态面板模型时,本文放弃了随机效应模型,而是选择了固定效应模型。本文的基准模型为:

本文将样本分为三组,对每个样本组进行了逐步回归。在模型2中只加入核心解释变量,在模型3和模型4中加入银行的微观特征和宏观经济变量。

其中,i和t分别代表各银行和年份,ROAit代表i银行在t年的财务业绩,GLit代表i银行在t年的绿色信贷余额,εit代表随机干扰项,xit代表控制变量。根据以往的相关文献,我们选择了代表银行特征的内部影响因素BBFGLit、BBDKLit、CARit和SIZEit,以及代表宏观经济的外部因素GDPit、CPIit和M2it,分别纳入模型2、模型3和模型4。

4.2 回归分析

根据逐步回归的模型,所有的样本包括大型商业银行和中小型商业银行都包含在控制变量中。模型的回归结果见表2和表3

表2显示了所有样本中包含的控制变量的逐步回归结果。在模型回归结果1中,绿色信贷余额的系数为- 0.1522,已通过了1%水平的显著性检验,这说明绿色信贷余额对商业银行的盈利能力有负面的影响,这可以解释为我国商业银行在很长一段时间内没有实施以绿色信贷为基础的绿色金融政策。直到2012年《绿色信贷指引》出台后,绿色信贷才受到了商业银行的关注。因此,一方面,绿色信贷余额占银行总资产的比例有限,难以对其盈利能力产生较大影响;另一方面,商业银行绿色信贷发放过程中的预评估、过程跟踪等环节的成本相对较低,而一般使用的优惠利率相对较高,所以会在一定程度上降低商业银行的总资产收益率。在模型回归结果2和模型回归结果3中,绿色信贷余额系数为正,但未能通过显著性检验。拨备覆盖率的系数分别为0.1613和0.1382,在1%的置信水平下通过了显著性检验。检验结果表明,拨备覆盖率的提高会促进商业银行的盈利能力;不良贷款率的系数为分别为-0.1502和-0.1398,在1%的置信水平下显著为负,说明不良贷款率的上升会削弱商业银行的盈利能力。例如,模型回归结果2中显示的不良贷款率每增加1个百分点,总资产收益率将会下降约0.15个百分点;宏观控制变量对总资产收益率有负面影响,但并不显著。

表2.所有样本的回归结果

变量

模型1

模型2

模型3

LNGL

-0.1522***

(0.0000)

0.0081

(0.4608)

0.0064

(0.6922)

LNBBFGL

0.1613*** (0.0000)

0.1382*** (0.0005)

LNBLDKL

-0.1502*** (0.0000)

-0.1398*** (0.0000)

LNCAR

-0.1724** (0.0249)

-0.0199

(0.8519)

LNSIZE

-0.3907*** (0.0000)

-0.1559* (0.0798)

LNGDP

-0.0330

(0.9052)

LNCPI

-2.7243**

(0.0289)

LNM2

-0.3878* (0.0576)

恒定期限

1.95*** (0.0000)

16.02** (0.0113)

2

R

0.82

0.94

0.95

注:*表示显著性水平为10%,**表示显著性水平为5%,***表示显著性水平为1%。

表3.大型商业银行的回归结果

变量

模型4

模型4

模型6

LNGL

-0.1338*** (0.0002)

0.0537*** (0.0084

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Research on the Impact of Green Credit on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks

Xingbang Yin*

School of Economics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu 233000, Anhui province, China. E-mail: 648743527@qq.com

Abstract: From the perspective of green credit, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the impact of green credit on the financial performance of commercial banks. Based on the panel data of 15 commercial banks from 2012 to 2018, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the impact mechanism is empirically analyzed. The results show that in the short-term, green credit has a negative impact on the financial performance of commercial banks, and the adverse im- pact faced by small and medium-sized commercial banks is significantly higher than that of large commercial banks, showing a heterogeneous effect. This also reveals the effect of commercial banks in implementing green credit in com- mercial banks and reasons for low initiative and enthusiasm. In view of this, it puts forward specific policy recommen- dations for different types of commercial banks, and believes that they should effectively promote green credit business in terms of differentiated policy guidelines and increasing the training of interdisciplinary talents.

Keywords: Green Credit; Financial Performance; Heterogeneous Influence

Introduction

My countryrsquo;s green financial policies and concepts based on green credit are being widely promoted and imple- mented nationwide, with the goal of achieving sustainable economic and social development. In my countryrsquo;s financial system, the assets of banking financial institutions accounted for 91.54% of the total financial assets, and the it business accounted for 49.50% of the assets of the banking industry[1]. In the process of allocating financial resource, green credit has played a core role in promoting green finance.

Green credit means that commercial banks actively guide the flow of funds through credit means, reduce loans to industries and projects with “high pollution, and overcapacity”, while increasing credit support for low-emission and low-polluting industries and projects, and gradually changing the “extensive” business “Business model to promote the development of local green economy. From the data of 21 major banks in my country at the end of June 2019, it can be seen that although the total amount of green credit has reached more than 10 trillion yuan, it is showing a situation of high growth rate and low proportion”, with an annual growth rate of 12.8%, And the proportion is only maintained at about 6.5%[2]. Green credit has a certain impact on the competitiveness of commercial banks and environmental risk management. Commercial banks need to combine their own resources and positioning to make a tween benefits and costs. Therefore, studying the impact of commercial banks on their financial performance after implementing green credit policies will facilitate different types of commercial banks to recognize the situation, better implement green credit policies, and promote the sound development of green credit.

Copyright copy; 2021 Xingbang Yin

doi: 10.18686/fm.v6i1.3267

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References

In recent years, scholars have conducted a lot of theoretical and empirical analysis on the issue of green credit af- fecting the financial performance of commercial banks. Wang Xiaoluo proposed that environmental governance in- vestment will increase with improvement of bank assets quality[1]; Lazzatoni et al. believe that the development of green finance will have a significant impact on the financial performance of commercial banks[2]; Campiglio proposed that commercial banks should avoid the status quo of its own operations may have adverse effects, and may refuse to lend to low-carbon businesses and environmentally friendly companies[3]; Zhang Changjiang and others discussed the relationship between green credit and commercial bank performance based on the intermediary effect of green reputa- tion, and believed that despite the implementation of green credit policies, Commercial banks will still cause adverse effects, but green credit lending behavior will produce green reputation effects, which can play a positive role in im- proving the financial performance of commercial banks[4]; Yan Tingfeng et al. proceeded from the perspective of sys- tems, technology, and institutions, It is believed that the short-term effect of green credit on the financial performance of commercial banks is weak, but the long-term effect is more obvious, because the status quo of low income and high cost of green credit in the short term is difficult to improve quickly, which affects their operating profits, but helps to im- prove their profitability in the long run[5].

Variables and Data

Interpreted variables

By the combing and analysis of empirical articles, it is found that domestic scholars have different opinions on which financial indicators should be used to measure the financial performance of commercial banks. If we ignore the risks related to financial leverage, you can choose the return on equity (ROE); if you consider from the perspective of comprehensively measuring the profitability of al

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