金纳米颗粒局域表面等离子共振偶极调制外文翻译资料

1、We demonstrate for the first time that monodisperse gold nanorods (NRs) with broadly tunable dimensions and longitudinal surface plasmon resonances can be synthesized using a bromide-free surfactant mixture composed of alkyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium oleate. It is found that uniform gold NRs can be obtained even with an iodide concentration approaching 100 M in the growth solution. In contrast to conventional wisdom, our results provide conclusive evidence that neither bromide as the surfactant counterion nor a high concentration of bromide ions in the growth solution is essential for gold NR formation. Correlated electron microscopy study of three-dimensional structures of gold NRs reveals a previously unprecedented octagonal prismatic structure enclosed predominantly by high index {310} crystal planes. These findings should have profound implications for a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of seeded growth of anisotropic metal nanocrystals.Gold nanorods (AuNRs) were synthesized by photochemical method, through irradiation of a reaction solution, containing gold precursor, surfactant and a mild reducing agent to speed up the process. The effects of the irradiation parameters on the morphology of the formed AuNRs were investigated by UV–Vis absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy. Specifically, the control of the UV irradiance (irradiation power per unit area) and irradiation time allowed the preparation of AuNRs with a wide range of sizes. Increase of the irradiation power leads to the formation of smaller AuNRs, with concomitant decrease of length and diameter. Since both axes show a simultaneous size decrease, the produced AuNRs have increased aspect ratio. Overall we show that application of high UV irradiance for short times favors the synthesis of small AuNRs with increased anisotropy. We propose that the rise of the irradiation power primarily accelerates the reduction of the gold precursor, promoting in such way the formation of smaller seeds. Short irradiation times guard against dissolution effects on the formed nanorods.

2、 Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are of interest for a wide range of applications, ranging from imaging to molecular electronics, and they have been studied extensively for the past decade. An important issue in AuNR applications is the ability to self-assemble the rods in predictable structures on the nanoscale. We here present a new way to end-to-end link AuNRs with a single or few linker molecules. Whereas methods reported in the literature so far rely on modification of the AuNRs after the synthesis, we here dimerize gold nanoparticle seeds with a water-soluble dithiol-functionalized polyethylene glycol linker and expose the linked seeds to growth conditions identical to the synthesis of unlinked AuNRs. Doing so, we obtain a large fraction of end-to-end linked rods, and transmission electron microscopy provides evidence of a 1minus;2 nm wide gap between the AuNRs. Flow linear dichroism demonstrates that a large fraction of the rods are flexible around the hinging molecule in solution, as expected for a molecularly linked nanogap. By using excess of gold nanoparticles relative to the linking dithiol molecule, this method can provide a high probability that a single molecule is connecting the two rods. In essence, our methods hence demonstrate the fabrication of a nanostructure with a molecule connected to two nanoelectrodes by bottom-up chemical assembly.Anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted the interest of scientists for over a century, but research in this field has considerably accelerated since 2000 with the synthesis of numerous 1D, 2D, and 3D shapes as well as hollow AuNP structures. The anisotropy of these nonspherical, hollow, and nanoshell AuNP structures is the source of the plasmon absorption in the visible region as well as in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. This NIR absorption is especially sensitive to the AuNP shape and medium and can be shifted towards the part of the NIR region in which living tissue shows minimum absorption. This has led to crucial applications in medical diagnostics and therapy (“theranostics”), especially with Au nanoshells, nanorods, hollow nanospheres, and nanocubes. In addition, Au nanowires (AuNWs) can be synthesized with longitudinal dimensions of several tens of micrometers and can serve as plasmon waveguides for sophisticated optical devices. The application of anisotropic AuNPs has rapidly spread to optical, biomedical, and catalytic areas. In this Review, a brief historical survey is given, followed by a summary of the synthetic modes, variety of shapes, applications, and toxicity issues of this fast‐growing class of nanomaterials. ;; Function follows form : Anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted the interest of scientists for over a century. Research in this field has considerably accelerated since 2000 with the synthesis of numerous 1D, 2D, and 3D shapes as well as hollow AuNP structures. The synthetic modes, variety of shapes, applications, and toxicity issues of this fast‐growing class of nanomaterials are reviewed here.

Gold nanorods compared with gold nanoparticles, has its unique optical properties of surface plasmon resonance: transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance, using gold nanorods exhibit properties of localized surface plasmon resonance has become the most practical and intuitive way of research, the gold nanometer rod in many aspects of the research have made gratifying progress, such as biomedical, cancer treatment, detection of biological molecules and heavy metal ions, sensor and so on, scientists of the gold nanorods by gradually transformed into a research hotspot. Although researchers in the study of gold nanorods have been more in-depth, but for the gold nanorods has a core-shell structure achievement is not much, especially in the the addition of sodium thiosulfate, the formation of the unique structure of c

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1、We demonstrate for the first time that monodisperse gold nanorods (NRs) with broadly tunable dimensions and longitudinal surface plasmon resonances can be synthesized using a bromide-free surfactant mixture composed of alkyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium oleate. It is found that uniform gold NRs can be obtained even with an iodide concentration approaching 100 M in the growth solution. In contrast to conventional wisdom, our results provide conclusive evidence that neither bromide as the surfactant counterion nor a high concentration of bromide ions in the growth solution is essential for gold NR formation. Correlated electron microscopy study of three-dimensional structures of gold NRs reveals a previously unprecedented octagonal prismatic structure enclosed predominantly by high index {310} crystal planes. These findings should have profound implications for a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of seeded growth of anisotropic metal nanocrystals.Gold nanorods (AuNRs) were synthesized by photochemical method, through irradiation of a reaction solution, containing gold precursor, surfactant and a mild reducing agent to speed up the process. The effects of the irradiation parameters on the morphology of the formed AuNRs were investigated by UV–Vis absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy. Specifically, the control of the UV irradiance (irradiation power per unit area) and irradiation time allowed the preparation of AuNRs with a wide range of sizes. Increase of the irradiation power leads to the formation of smaller AuNRs, with concomitant decrease of length and diameter. Since both axes show a simultaneous size decrease, the produced AuNRs have increased aspect ratio. Overall we show that application of high UV irradiance for short times favors the synthesis of small AuNRs with increased anisotropy. We propose that the rise of the irradiation power primarily accelerates the reduction of the gold precursor, promoting in such way the formation of smaller seeds. Short irradiation times guard against dissolution effects on the formed nanorods.

1、我们首次证明了可调尺寸和纵向表面等离子体共振的单分散的金纳米（NRS）可以用由溴自由混合表面活性剂和氯化烷基油酸钠合成。研究发现，均匀的金纳米棒甚至可以在碘浓度接近100mu;M的生长液中获得。与传统的智慧相反，我们的研究结果提供了确凿的证据表明，溴无论是作为表面活性剂的抗衡离子还是高浓度的溴化生长溶液对于金纳米棒的形成都是至关重要的。金纳米棒与三维结构的电子显微镜研究揭示了一个以前从未有过的由高指数晶面的八角棱形封闭结构，这些研究结果应该为机械的理解一个全面的种子生长的各向异性金属纳米晶体有深远的影响。金纳米棒（AuNRs）通过光化学法合成，通过对反应溶液照射，含有金的前体，表面活性剂和温和的还原剂来加快进程。通过紫外–可见吸收光谱和透射电子显微镜研究了辐照参数对形成的纳米金的形态的影响。具体而言，对紫外辐射的控制（辐射功率每单位面积）和照射时间与范围广泛的尺寸纳米金的制备。的辐射功率增加导致更小的AuNRs的形成，随着长度和直径随之降低。由于轴显示的同时减小，产生的AuNRs增加长径比。我们表明，短时间高紫外线辐射的应用有利于提高各向异性小纳米金的合成。我们建议的辐射功率的上升，主要是加速减少的黄金前体，促进这样的方式形成的小种子。短时间照射对形成的纳米棒的溶解作用。

2、 Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are of interest for a wide range of applications, ranging from imaging to molecular electronics, and they have been studied extensively for the past decade. An important issue in AuNR applications is the ability to self-assemble the rods in predictable structures on the nanoscale. We here present a new way to end-to-end link AuNRs with a single or few linker molecules. Whereas methods reported in the literature so far rely on modification of the AuNRs after the synthesis, we here dimerize gold nanoparticle seeds with a water-soluble dithiol-functionalized polyethylene glycol linker and expose the linked seeds to growth conditions identical to the synthesis of unlinked AuNRs. Doing so, we obtain a large fraction of end-to-end linked rods, and transmission electron microscopy provides evidence of a 1minus;2 nm wide gap between the AuNRs. Flow linear dichroism demonstrates that a large fraction of the rods are flexible around the hinging molecule in solution, as expected for a molecularly linked nanogap. By using excess of gold nanoparticles relative to the linking dithiol molecule, this method can provide a high probability that a single molecule is connecting the two rods. In essence, our methods hence demonstrate the fabrication of a nanostructure with a molecule connected to two nanoelectrodes by bottom-up chemical assembly.Anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted the interest of scientists for over a century, but research in this field has considerably accelerated since 2000 with the synthesis of numerous 1D, 2D, and 3D shapes as well as hollow AuNP structures. The anisotropy of these nonspherical, hollow, and nanoshell AuNP structures is the source of the plasmon absorption in the visible region as well as in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. This NIR absorption is especially sensitive to the AuNP shape and medium and can be shifted towards the part of the NIR region in which living tissue shows minimum absorption. This has led to crucial applications in medical diagnostics and therapy (“theranostics”), especially with Au nanoshells, nanorods, hollow nanospheres, and nanocubes. In addition, Au nanowires (AuNWs) can be synthesized with longitudinal dimensions of several tens of micrometers and can serve as plasmon waveguides for sophisticated optical devices. The application of anisotropic AuNPs has rapidly spread to optical, biomedical, and catalytic areas. In this Review, a brief historical survey is given, followed by a summary of the synthetic modes, variety of shapes, applications, and toxicity issues of this fast‐growing class of nanomaterials. ;; Function follows form : Anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted the interest of scientists for over a century. Research in this field has considerably accelerated since 2000 with the synthesis of numerous 1D, 2D, and 3D shapes as well as hollow AuNP structures. The synthetic modes, variety of shapes, applications, and toxicity issues of this fast‐growing class of nanomaterials are reviewed here.

Gold nanorods compared with gold nanoparticles, has its unique optical properties of surface plasmon resonance: transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance, using gold nanorods exhibit properties of localized surface plasmon resonance has become the most practical and intuit

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