基于对等理论的翻译文本比较研究—以《简爱》为例开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Literature Review To tackle the subject, we need to understand the word culture. In the west, the earliest definition of culture is given by the famous anthropologist Edward Burnett Tyler (1832-1917) from England. He said that culture or civilization, from far-ranging national significance, means a complex whole which religion, art, morality and acquired ability and custom for any single person as a social member. In the past few centuries, novels play an important role in the world cultural communication, so many experts and translators have elaborated on the research of novel translation. From the 1950s to the 1970s, translation was conceived as the transfer between two languages. In the past few decades, due to its unique complexity and extensive application, more and more attention and efforts have been devoted to the research of this subject. Thereafter, many translation theorists began to study translation problems from different cultural perspectives, such as Bassnett and Lefevere. They go beyond language and focus on the interaction between translation and culture, on the way in which culture impacts and constrains translation and on the larger issues of context, history and convention, etc. (Munday,2001:127) . The other translation theorists, such as Lambert and Robyns, they also think that translation is the communication between different cultures, than a transfer between two languages. Therefore, the language translation in the novels has new research. Everyone has his own points of view on translation. The distinguished linguist Eugene A. Nida (1969) pointed out in his masterpiece the Theory and Practice of Translation: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. This is only a general principle of translation, but there are still detailed methods with respect to novels translation. An influential representative of equivalence theory is Dr. Eugene Nida. His concept of dynamic equivalence or functional equivalence in translation is the representative of equivalence theory. He states A translation of dynamic equivalence aims at complete naturalness of expression and tries to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant within the context of his own culture (Nida, 1963:165). Zhu Henhua（2005）remarked that language is a kind of social phenomenon, and a kind of symbol of culture. Many researchers have devoted themselves to the study of the cultural discrepancies and their influences on translation. Nida (2001) pointed out that in translation, a different culture may result in conflicts everywhere in the form of concept, language, and behavior. Whether one could translate well depends mainly on whether one could understand the two cultures. In the present paper, I will talk about equivalence theory and translation of English novels. By doing the research, we may find out that culture plays a very important role in turning out quality novels translation. Novel can be defined as a culture, appreciating or expressing the action or speech knowledge. Novel is not only a linguistic concept, but also takes on specific cultural features. This dual nature determines the hardship and complexity of novel translation. The all resources are helpful in my thesis. In writing the thesis, I will try my best to collect more material in the related subject and make full use of them.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Introduction In new century, novels have been playing as an essential tool in culturalcommunication. However, due to the differences in linguistic features, cultures, and conventions of different countries, the translation of novels is not as easy as it seems to be. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze the translation strategies of English and Chinese novel from the perspective of linguistic features equivalence theory and culture. In general, novels are characterized by wonderful languages, rich meanings, varied styles, and innovative spirit. English novels are different from Chinese novels in linguistic features, cultures and social customs. Consequently, the translation of novels is not only a phonetic, vocabulary and grammatical transformation between languages, but also the cultural and conventional transformation of translation. That is to say, novel translators should be familiar with the social, political, cultural, religious, and economical situations of the origin faithfully, and then they can ensure that the translated text achieves the same effect without translation errors. Of course, with regard to translation strategies, the general translation principles should be followed, but only these principles are not sufficient. Novels have their own unique characteristics and communicative purposes. This thesis involves some strategies，for example, literal translation, trans-formative translation, ellipsis translation and replacement translation, and also cites some examples from Jane Eyre to support my view. The body of the thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is a comparison between the linguistic features in English and Chinese novels, and translation methods used in novels. The second part of the thesis involves discussion about the linguistic features of English and Chinese novels, followed by the synthetical comparison between English and Chinese novels, which help to explore translating methods. The third part enumerates different methods of English and Chinese novel translation. Conclusion comes as the last part of this thesis. This part emphasizes that the significance of novel translation is translation skills and the expression of the content.

Methodology This thesis conducts a study on the influences of equivalence theory about novel translation and the solution of these problems. With all these preparations, this thesis conducts a comparative study of the translated texts based on the equivalence theory and the analysis of the translation of novels. Firstly, information relating to this field has been searched on the internet and in library. Secondly, the definition of equivalence theory and its relationship with novel translation are introduced, and then some influential examples in dealing with translation differences have been discussed. The method adopted in this study is mainly qualitative and analytical. Various literatures relating to this field in existence have been studied and compared. Many examples are given to illustrate the choices of different translation strategies. The conclusion is drawn by pointing out the significance of the research into features of equivalence theory and the importance of a better mastery of translating skills in novels translation.