《呼啸山庄》中的哥特式艺术 Gothic Features in Wuthering Heights开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

2. Literature review2.1 Previous studies on燱uthering HeightsWuthering Heights receives a high evaluation and captures a great attention throughout the whole world. However, it received both praise and criticism when first published. Although it was criticized at that time for it challenged strict Victorian ideals of the day, including religious hypocrisy, morality, social classes and gender inequality, recently it has attracted interests of many scholars. This novel was not popular among Chinese literary circles until the 1980s. Plenty of academic monographs, periodical and academic dissertation sprang up one after another. Chinese scholar, Fang Ping said that Wuthering Heights, an ingenious work, is so classic that it is able to compare favorably with the great plays of Shakespeare. Besides, there are some scholars focusing on the relations between Emily抯 unique life experience and her works. For example, Wang Guoqing抯(1988) 揗ake an analyze of Wuthering Heights from Emily抯 biography?explores the association between Emily抯 lifetime and the creation of her novel Wuthering Heights on the basis of the Biography of Emily Bronte. In the 1990s, some theses with new writing perspectives emerged. Some scholars payed their attention to psychology. At the same time, some scholars, with a view to ecology, excavated the traditional ecological knowledge embodied in the novel. For instance, Ji Ping抯 (2006)?Harmony and Conflict: Discussion On the Nature and Civilization in Wuthering Heights. When it comes to the paper about artistic style and aesthetic features, Gothic features in this novel is a hot spot. Gothic novel is known or characterized for terror and mystery. Wuthering Heights is considered as the classic one of Gothic novel because of its three typical feature, namely, terror, mystery, supernatural. Nowadays, there are a great many essays on this famous book, especially on Gothic features adopted in this novel. Such as, 搕he discussion of Gothic Features in Wuthering Heights?written by Dong Jing and He Qiong(1990); Li Lingling抯 揂 Gothic Study of Emily Bronte抯 Wuthering Heights?2008);Li Lingling抯 揂 Gothic Study of Emily Bronte抯 Wuthering Heights?2008); etc.In 搕he discussion of Gothic Features in Wuthering Heights?written by Dong Jing and He Qiong(1990), they point out that under the influence of Gothic novel in the late 18 century, Emily elaborated her masterpiece Wuthering Heights in the manner of Gothic styles. In this thesis, author explores the Gothic features in Wuthering Heights from the Gothic theme, plots, characters and setting. Although the thesis is comprehensive in arguments, it is inadequate in detailed discussion.In Li Lingling抯 揂 Gothic Study of Emily Bronte抯 Wuthering Heights?2008), except for the environment and character, the author chooses to analyze the Gothic features from supernatural perspective. The author points out the description of Catherine抯 ghost appearing to Mr Lockwood, the grave digging, the sigh and breath by the ghost, the desire to be buried in the same tomb, all these details send cold shivers down the readers spine, which is the indication of supernatural images.Chinese scholar He Qiong(2009) also analyzes the Gothic features in this novel. However, he adds one new perspective to his paper. The application of Gothic narrative perspective and Gothic narrative sequence makes the thesis unique and worth-reading. In accordance with his idea, in order to render a mysterious and terrible atmosphere, Emily tried to be distinct from traditional omniscient perspective in Victoria age and chose multiple narrative perspectives, in which she told us the story by the secondary character of the novel. Due to the limitation of narrator抯 specific perspective, some important information is delayed, a suspense being set to attract the readers. What抯 more, he attaches great importance to the Gothic narrative sequence, which is also a novelty of his paper on the analyzing Gothic features in the Wuthering Heights. He states briefly that Emily abandoned traditional narrative order in chronology or flashback. On the contrary she intended to use time series of Gothic perversion. The narrative order, namely, 損resent-past-present-future? ingeniously mixes the reality and memory. It is rightly this narrative order that constructs an artistic effect featuring mystery, nerve, terror, which makes the Gothic themes of love and revenge stand out. This Gothic narrative perspective and Gothic narrative sequence cannot be denied a light spot of this classic Gothic novel. Chen Yun(2013), a graduate of Suzhou University, he respectively introduces the inheritance and transcendence of Wuthering Heights on the basis of traditional Gothic novels. When it comes to the inheritance, his thesis is not distinct from other writers, introducing the Gothic elements from character images, environment, strange and bloodcurdling plots, supernatural scene setting, and gothic themes. As for the transcendence, first of all, the transcendence for the traditional Gothic element: Traditional terror derived from the direct depiction for the violent scene, while Emily chose to stir readers?feelings by the portrait of the formidable environment on the wasteland and by description of abnormal dream and ghost. What抯 more, the transcendence for the traditional themes in Gothic novels: although this novel also refers to love and revenge, the author depicted more vividly than previous novel. At the same time, different from the traditional Gothic novel, in the depiction of the mystery and terror, Emily Bronte put into use a great many symbolic images, which gives the novel modern color that was in-existent at that age. Last but not the least, this paper also surmounts the previous theses with reference to the unique female Gothic perspective. Although the main character is heathcliff, his story is drawn forth by the woman-Catherine. This distinct female Gothic perspective enriches the charm of this paper. 2.2 Gothic FeaturesGothic features is typically reflected in Gothic novels. Gothic novel, which is largely dominated by the sub-genre of Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature that combines fiction, horror and Romanticism. Its origin is attributed to British politician and writer Horace Walpole, with his novel The Castle of Otranto(1764), subtitled ?A Gothic Story.?As the scholar Chen Jianhua(2011) said,Gothic novel is known for the atmosphere featuring mystery and terror. It mainly depicts the story about love and revenge. With the background of old castles, moor or nunnery, Gothic novel usually depicts murder, violence, revenge etc, together with ghosts, or supernatural phenomena, its plots horrible and its phenomena mysterious. The definite elements of Gothic features are terror, mystery, illusory and suspense.Wuthering Heights is considered as the classic one of Gothic novel because of its three typical features, namely, terror, mystery, supernatural. Influenced by the Gothic features, at the beginning of the Wuthering Heights, Emily only referred to Heathcliff and Mr Lockwood without further details, which produced the suspense that pushes reader to go on reading the novel with great interests. The utilization of Gothic features adds some charm and attractions to the novel and makes the novel a sight-worthy work. The utilization of Gothic features presented an unearthly and horrible atmosphere , which captures our eyeballs and sparks off readers?infinite imagination.2.3 Deficiency in previous studiesAs a classic Gothic novel, Wuthering Heights is filled with Gothic features via themes, characters, settings and plots, etc. Gothic features is the key to the absolutely understanding of this novel. In spite of the fact that previous studies about Wuthering Heights is plentiful, only a few scholars pay attention to analyzing the Gothic features adopted in it. For example, Li Lingling抯 揂 Gothic Study of Emily Bronte抯 Wuthering Heights?2008) analyses the Gothic elements in Wuthering Heights only from character and environment. Chinese scholar He Qiong(2009) analyzes the Gothic features in this novel. However, he is mainly centered on Gothic narrative perspective and Gothic narrative sequence. These theses about Gothic features in Wuthering Heights are not comprehensive and profound enough. Taking these factors into consideration, although my paper also concentrates on the Gothic features, it will be more overall and deep-going. Except for the characters and environment, Gothic themes, setting and plots will be dug. Furthermore, the reasons why Emily Bronte wrote this novel in Gothic feature also will be explained. My thesis consists of three parts. In the first parts, the general introduction of the author Emily Bronte and her representative novel Wuthering Heights. Then, theoretical knowledge will be followed in part two. Here, the definition of Gothic features and relative knowledge about Gothic features will be introduced. What抯 more, the reasons why Emily Bronte wrote this novel in Gothic feature also will be expounded. Furthermore, an analysis on Gothic features in Wuthering Heights will be made from four aspects. At the same time, specific ideas of mine on this book in the Gothic features will be shown. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn so as to summarize the thesis. Only in this way, readers can understand my paper in a better way.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1.Research TopicAs the classic Gothic novel, Wuthering Heights, with typical Gothic features, deserves my attention. Therefore, different from the previous thesis, I will comprehensively focus on much more details. My thesis will discuss the Gothic features in Wuthering Heights from four aspects, namely, themes, characters, setting, plots. Furthermore, the reasons why Emily Bronte wrote this novel in Gothic feature also will be explained.2. Research Methods Major research methods will include text reading, literature research, deduction and combination of theory with text.1). Text reading. This is a efficient way of being familiar with the text quickly. The author has spent a lot of time reading both English and Chinese version of Wuthering Heights so as to be familiar with it. I appreciate and analyze this novel in detail time and time again. In this process, great attentions are paid to the love and revenge theme, relative characters, mysterious and terrible environment and intriguing plots development.2). Literature research. A literature research is the process of reading, analyzing, evaluating, and summarizing scholarly materials about a specific work. The author of the thesis has spared no efforts to find out a great number of theses in library, including the Gothic features, Emily Bronte抯 biographies,燼nd previous studies on燱uthering Heights. 3). Deduction. This method refers to the process of drawing a conclusion via reasoning. In the thesis, every conclusion must logically valid and has a well-ground evidence. For instance, this thesis will come to a conclusion on the basis of many published literature.4). Combination of the theory with text .This is one of major research methods utilized in this thesis. In order to acquire the function and significance of Gothic features, this thesis combines the theory Gothic features with the text Wuthering Heights.