小说《屋顶丽人》中的“愤恨”探析 The Study of Hatred in the Novel “A Woman on the Roof”开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

doris lessing, the author of a woman on a roof, is considered as the ivy of literary circle as well as the greatest female writer in england after virginia woolf. as a prolific writer, her works cover poetry, prose, play and novel. some of her masterpieces include the grass is singing, the golden notebook, and the fifth child, love, again, which bring her many great awards and widespread reputation. many critics have done researches on those works from different perspectives. however, there are only a few papers on a woman on a roof so far, according to research frequency. a woman on a roof was accomplished in 1963 and taken from the collection of short novel named one man and two women.

many scholars, at home and abroad, have already explored the novel and reaped countless research fruits. most of them analyze the novel from the perspectives of constructivism, feminism, intersexual relationship and binary opposition. but they have rarely touched upon the analysis of three male characters’ distinct hatreds in the context. this paper studies their hatreds toward the female character and society, to reveal the external, internal, natural, social, and psychological reasons of the generation of those resentments, so that readers can foster a better and more comprehensive understanding of the story.

through the discussion of hatreds’ functions in different aspects, such as in character description, atmosphere rendering, plot development and theme promotion, this paper makes readers better understand the conflicts between male and female, the working class and middle class, fantasy and reality. furthermore, the image of the female fighter seems even more impressive for her courage to fight for freedom and against oppression. thus, readers can have a good knowledge of the author’s writing intention. in addition, the paper stimulates readers to think more critically of social problems while reading the novel. this paper, not only shows its innovation on choosing a new perspective to read the novel, but also makes a complement to the study of lessing’s works. last but not least, the analysis in the paper plays a significant role in the contribution of the theme’s expression and helps readers know more about the then society in the text.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

1. content and purposes︰this paper attempts to analyze the hatreds of three male characters, combine with the description of their varied thoughts and responses to that lady, and explore the deep reasons of their angers, especially in the process of tom’s psychological changes before and after the disillusionment of his dream. moreover, the paper probes the functions of hatreds’ usage in character description, atmosphere rendering, plot development and theme promotion, so as to enhance readers’ understanding of various conflicts in the story, and reveal the multiple themes as well as author’s concern of underclass people.
2. research methods︰literature searching, close reading, comparative analysis and case study.
3. outline︰

   1. introduction

   1.1 writer and her works

   1.2 literature review

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   3. 研究计划与安排

   before 20th january : settlement of the title

   before20th march: submission of the outline

   before 25th april : submission of the first draft

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   4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

   references：

   [1] doris, lessing. stories [m]. new york︰vintage, 1980.

   [2] doris, lessing. the golden notebook [m]. new york︰simon and schuster, and london︰joseph, 1962.

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