1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）
since the 21st century, china's vehicle ownership has been growing continuously. at present, china has become the largest country in vehicle ownership. by the end of 2019, china's vehicle ownership has reached 348 million vehicles.as an important part of vehicle, tyres play an important role in fuel economy, passability, braking and handling stability.in fuel economy, the rolling resistance of tyres accounts for 5%~7% of the energy loss of the vehicle. as the only component in contact with the ground, the rolling resistance of tyres directly affects the fuel consumption rate of the vehicle.the research shows that the reduction of rolling resistance of tyres by 15%~30% can save fuel consumption by 3%~6%.in the existing tyres, in the face of different driving environments, the types and specifications of vehicle tyres are also various. according to the tyre pattern, there are stripe tyres, transverse tyres, hybrid tyres, off-road tyres. different types of tyre patterns are suitable for different driving conditions.for example, off-road vehicles are mostly driven on stones and muddy roads, and their tires have a block pattern to improve grip performance.due to the low load, in order to take into account economy, comfort and safety, car tyres are generally made with complex treads[1].the tyre pattern is closely related to driving safety and affects the water-slip characteristics of tyres. it has a very important influence on braking on wet road surface and has important research value[2-3].
with the continuous improvement of vehicle safety and economy requirements, to a certain extent, it also promotes the development of vehicle tyres.intelligent tyre is an intelligent tyre, which can automatically acquire and transmit information about itself and its environment, and make correct judgments and decisions on these information, then carry out corresponding operations according to the results of the decision, so as to improve the safety, economy, comfort and emission of the vehicle.tyre self-information includes status information and identity information such as tyre pressure, temperature, friction, vibration, wear and aging, and environmental information such as road surface condition and vehicle speed.with the development of smart materials, the research on adaptive deformation tire based on smart materials can improve fuel economy, at the same time, make the tire adapt to deformation under different environmental conditions, improve safety and comfort[4-5].therefore, the research on new tyres based on intelligent materials is of great significance to solve the universality of current tyres, improve braking performance and economy of vehicles.
after entering the 21st century, with the development of material science, the development of tyres also shows a new pattern, and major tyre enterprises are constantly innovating new tyres.michelin introduced its tweel tire in 2009, replacing today's compressed air, an important part of the tire, with an integrated tire-rim design that eliminates the risk of "blowout".michelin released 3d printed visual concept tires at the moving'on exhibition in 2017.the hub structure of this tyre is similar to that of a coral one; a loose structure can withstand certain pressures and does not require inflation.continental german tires introduced concept tires, which use sensor real-time monitoring data and air pump to change the width of the hub, thus optimizing the contact area between the tire and the ground.goodyear also introduced a new magnetic suspension powered spherical tire, eagle-360.in addition to all-round rotation, the tread uses a coralline-like structure and intelligent adaptive materials, which shrink the tread when it touches water on slippery roads, thus greatly improving the drainage effect of the tread.among the u.s. military hummers, existing hummer tires are made of memory alloy smart materials to adapt to complex terrain and avoid the risk of explosion.smart tires are also used in space, and nasa's mars rover intends to use smart shape memory alloy materials to adapt tire deformation, greatly reducing the volume of tires used in spacecraft.intellect tires are also emerging in concept vehicles of the world's large automotive companies, such as the deformable tires of bmw vision next concept vehicles and the ball tires of audi rsq concept vehicles.
2. 研究的基本内容与方案
based on the 4d print-smart material characteristics, the tire structure is optimized and the environment can be adapted.establish simulation model for simulation analysis.the main contents of this paper include:
1. explain the material, structure and function principle of tire.
2. classify and summarize the road condition and performance requirements of tyres.
3. 研究计划与安排
1-2 (week 18-19 of 7 semesters) determine the topics of graduation design, improve the task book of graduation design (relevant parameters), and collect data inside and outside the school.
3 (1st week of 8th semester) scheme design, literature search, completion of opening report.
4-5 (2-3 weeks of 8 semesters) foreign language translation and data collection.
4. 参考文献（12篇以上）
[1] 王国林,安登峰,吴旭,梁晨.轿车轮胎花纹参数对滚动阻力的影响分析[j].橡胶工业,2019,66(02):83-88.
[2] 陈磊,周海超,潘公宇.轮胎花纹凹坑非光滑表面对抗滑水性能的影响分析[j].现代制造工程,2019(01):23-31.
[3] 林晓昱.全天候轮胎花纹设计与性能的关联[j].轮胎工业,2019,39(12):707-709.
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