1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）
鏂囩尞缁艰堪 涓銆佽棰樿儗鏅?闅忕潃鑳芥簮鍗辨満鐨勫姞閲嶏紝鐕冩枡鐢垫睜浣滀负涓绉嶅皢瀛樺湪浜庣噧鏂欎笌姘у寲鍓備腑鐨勫寲瀛﹁兘鐩存帴杞寲涓虹數鑳界殑鍙戠數瑁呯疆锛屽緱鍒颁汉浠殑骞挎硾鍏虫敞銆傜噧鏂欑數姹犱腑闃存瀬姘ц繕鍘熷弽搴旓紙ORR锛夊浜庢暣涓噧鏂欑數姹犵殑杩愯鍏锋湁閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢紝鍏朵腑鐢靛偓鍖栧墏鏄疧RR鍙嶅簲鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佸洜绱犮備紶缁熺殑纰辨х噧鏂欑數姹犱富瑕佷互閾傜⒊鐢垫瀬浣滀负鐢靛偓鍖栧墏锛屼絾鐢变簬閲戝睘pt鎴愭湰杈冮珮锛屼娇鐢ㄨ繃绋嬫槗鎹熻椾笖瀹规槗琚獵O閽濆寲锛屽洜姝ゅ紑鍙戠被閾傛垨鏇块搨鍩烘潗鏂欏叿鏈夐噸瑕佹剰涔夛紝閫氳繃閲忓瓙鐞嗚璁＄畻鍜屽疄楠岀爺绌跺彂鐜帮紝鍚爱纰虫潗鏂欏ORR鍙嶅簲琛ㄧ幇鍑鸿緝楂樼殑鍌寲娲绘?浣嗙敱浜嶯鍘熷瓙鏈韩鐨勪緵鐢靛瓙鐗规э紝浣垮緱纰崇煩闃电殑鐢靛瓙瀵嗗害澧炲姞锛屽悓鏃朵娇寰楀浣撳垎瀛愪笌纰崇煩闃电殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤鏄庢樉鍔犲己銆傜劧鑰岋紝寰堝鍚爱纰虫潗鏂欏瓨鍦∟鍚噺杈冧綆銆丯娲绘т綅瀹规槗鏋愬嚭绛夐棶棰橈紝鑰岀煶澧ㄥ寲姘寲纰筹紙g-C3N4锛?鐢变簬鍏跺惈N閲忚緝楂樸佸舰璨屾槗鎺у埗銆佹垚鏈綆寤夈佹棤姣掔瓑鐗圭偣锛岃鐢ㄤ綔闈為噾灞濷RR鐢靛偓鍖栧墏銆備絾鏄痝-C3N4鐨勬瘮琛ㄩ潰绉互鍙婂鐢垫ц緝浣庯紝[1]鑷翠娇g-C3N4鐨凮RR鍌寲娲绘т粛鐒惰緝浣庛傚洜姝わ紝鎻愰珮g-C3N4鐨凮RR鍌寲娲绘ф湁寰堥噸瑕佺殑鎰忎箟銆? 浜屻佺爺绌跺巻鍙插拰鐜扮姸 涓烘彁楂樻爱鍖栫⒊鐨勫鐢垫э紝Zheng绛塠2]銆丩yth绛塠3]鍜孲un绛塠4]鍒嗗埆灏嗕粙瀛旂⒊銆佺⒊榛戝拰鐭冲ⅷ鐑紩鍏ユ爱鍖栫⒊涓紝涓庤緝绾殑姘寲纰崇浉姣旓紝鍏跺偓鍖栨椿鎬у緱鍒版槑鏄炬彁楂樸侺iang绛塠5]浠?纭呭井瀛旂悆浣滀负纭ā鏉匡紝鍒跺寰楀埌涓夌淮鏈夊簭澶у瓟姘寲纰?纰筹紙g-C3N4/C锛夊鍚堢墿锛岀爺绌秅-C3N4/C缁撴瀯瀵筄RR鍙嶅簲鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝鍙戠幇澶у瓟鐨刧-C3N4/C鍌寲鍓傝〃鐜板嚭涓嶱t/C鍌寲鍓傜浉褰撶殑鐢垫祦瀵嗗害鍙婄數鍔匡紝鑰屼笖鍏锋湁绋冲畾鎬уソ銆佷环鏍间綆寤夈佸鏄撳埗澶囩瓑浼樼偣銆俌ang绛塠6],浠ョ煶澧ㄧ儻涓哄熀搴曘佸埗澶囩殑浠嬪瓟纭呯撼绫崇墖涓烘ā鏉裤佷箼浜岃兒鍜屽洓姘寲纰充负鍓嶉┍浣撱佸埗澶囧緱鍒版爱鍖栫⒊绾崇背鐗?锛圕N-nanosheets锛夊拰鐭冲ⅷ鐑?姘寲纰崇撼绫崇墖锛圙-CN-nanosheets锛夛紝鍙戠幇鏉愭枡鐨勫鐢垫у拰鍚″暥N鍚噺鏄奖鍝嶅惈姘⒊鏉愭枡ORR鍌寲鍙嶅簲鐨勪袱涓噸瑕佸洜绱犮?涓嶅悓褰㈣矊姘寲纰崇殑鍒跺锛氱悊鎯崇殑鐭冲ⅷ鍖栨爱鍖栫⒊锛屽叿鏈夌敱N杩炴帴鐨勫舰鎴愬叡骞抽潰鐨勫眰鐘剁粨鏋?閫氬父,鐢卞惈姘墠椹变綋閫氳繃鐑缉鑱氭柟寮忓悎鎴愮殑姘寲纰冲線寰鏄竴浜涜仛闆嗙殑鍧楃姸棰楃矑鎴栫墖灞傜姸鑱氬悎鐗?鍥犳姣旇〃闈㈢Н杈冨皬銆傚鏋滆兘閫氳繃璋冭妭鎴栨敼鍠勫埗澶囧伐鑹猴紝鍒跺寰楀埌涓绯诲垪涓嶅悓褰㈣矊鐨勬爱鍖栫⒊鏉愭枡锛屽皢瀵瑰叾搴旂敤鍙婂彂灞曞叿鏈夐噸瑕佺殑鎰忎箟銆傜被浼间簬灏嗙煶澧ㄥ墺绂诲埗澶囩煶澧ㄧ儻鐨勫伐 鑹猴紝Niu绛?[7]灏嗗弻鑵堣兒涓哄墠椹变綋鍒跺鐨勬爱鍖栫⒊琛岀儹鍓ョ锛屽埗澶囦簡鍘氬害澶х害涓?nm鐨刵anosheet锛涗笌鍧楃姸姘寲纰崇浉姣旓紝鍏舵瘮琛ㄩ潰绉彲杈?06m2/g锛屽悓鏃跺叾鍏夊偓鍖栨ц兘鏄庢樉澧炲姞銆傞氳繃閲囩敤涓嶅悓鐨勬ā鏉挎垨鏀瑰彉鍒跺宸ヨ壓锛屽凡鍒跺寰楀埌涓绯诲垪涓嶅悓褰㈣矊鐨勬爱鍖栫⒊绾崇背绾縖8]銆?绾崇背绠9]銆佺撼绫冲甫[10-11]銆佺撼绫虫[12]銆佺撼绫崇悆[13]銆佺皣[14]銆?灏唃-C3N4鐢ㄤ簬鐢靛寲瀛﹀簲鐢ㄩ渶瑕佹敼鍠勫叾涓嶈壇鐨勭數瀵肩巼銆備竴鑸噰鐢ㄤ袱绉嶆柟娉曪紝鍗砱-C3N4涓庡鐢电⒊鏉愭枡鐗╃悊娣峰悎[15]鍜実-C3N4鍘熶綅鍥哄畾鍦ㄧ⒊浣撲笂銆傝繎骞存潵锛岄氳繃鐑哀鍖栥佽殌鍒汇佹恫鐩稿幓瑙掕川绛夋柟娉曪紝鍒跺浜嗕簩缁寸殑g-C3N4绾崇背鐗噂-C3N4NSS, [16] 涓夈佺煶澧ㄥ寲姘寲纰崇殑鐗圭偣 姘寲纰冲叿鏈夎秴楂樼‖搴︺佷綆搴︺佸崐浣撴с佺敓鐗╃浉瀹规с佹畩鍏夊鐗瑰緛銆佽兘鍌ㄥ瓨瀹归噺銆佹皵浣撳惛闄勫閲忋佺⒈鎬т綅绛夌壒鎬?鍦ㄦ爱鍖栫⒊浜旂浉鎬佷腑锛岀煶澧ㄥ寲姘寲纰筹紙g-C3N4锛夌敱浜庡叾鐙壒鐨勭墿鐞嗙粨鏋勫強鐢靛瓙鑳藉甫缁撴瀯甯﹂殭锛屾樉绀哄嚭鑹ソ鐨勫厜鐢靛寲鎬ц兘銆傞氳繃璋冭妭绾崇背澶у皬鍙婂舰璨岀殑鐭冲ⅷ鍖栨爱鍖栫⒊绾崇背鐗囩浉姣斾簬浣撶浉姘寲纰冲叿鏈夋洿澶氱殑鍙嶅簲娲绘т綅銆傚皢鐭冲ⅷ鍖栨爱鍖栫⒊绾崇背鐗囦笌纰崇撼绫崇妗ユ帴褰㈡垚楂樺瓟涓夌淮缁撴瀯锛屾湁鍒╀簬鐢佃В璐ㄧ殑娓楅忥紝鍙嶅簲鐗╃殑鏈夋晥杞Щ锛岃〃鐜板嚭鏇撮珮鐨勫偓鍖栨椿鎬с傚鍥句负3D g-C3N4 NS-CNT澶氬瓟澶嶅悎鏉愭枡鐨勫埗澶囥? 鍥涖佺煶澧ㄥ寲姘寲纰崇撼绫崇墖甯歌鍒跺鏂规硶 鐑哀鍖栧埢铓娉?鐑哀鍖栧埢铓娉曚篃鍙互绉颁负鈥渢op 锛?down鈥濇硶銆侼iu 绛夛蓟6锛界敤鍙屾鞍鑳虹洿鎺ョ儹姘у寲鍒昏殌寰楀埌浜唃 锛?C3N4绾崇背鐗囧眰銆傝繖绉嶆柟娉曚富瑕佸熀浜庡眰鐘惰仛鍚堜綋涔嬮棿鐨勬阿閿笉澶熺ǔ瀹氾紝鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鑳藉浠庝綋鐩告哀鍖栧埢铓鎴愭墍闇瑕佺殑绾崇背鐗囧眰锛屽叿鏈夋垚鏈綆锛屾槗浜庡ぇ瑙勬ā鍚堟垚浠ュ強鐜鍙嬪ソ绛変紭鐐广傞氳繃鐑哀鍖栧埢铓娉曞緱鍒扮殑g 锛?C3N4绾崇背鐗囧眰骞冲潎鍘氬害2 nm 宸﹀彸( 6 锝?7 灞? 锛屾瘮琛ㄩ潰绉ぇ澶ф彁楂橈紝甯﹂殭鑳藉澶э紝闈㈠唴鐨勭數瀛愯浆绉昏兘鍔涙湁鎵澧炲己锛岀浉搴斿湴寤堕暱浜嗗厜鐢熻浇娴佸瓙鐨勫鍛斤紝鎵浠ョ浉鍚屾潯浠朵笅g 锛?C3N4绾崇背鐗囧眰瀵规湁鏈烘薄鏌撶墿鐨勫彲瑙佸厜鍏夊偓鍖栭檷瑙ｈ兘鍔涙槑鏄句紭浜庝綋鐩告爱鍖栫⒊銆?鍖栧鍓ョ娉?纭吀鐨勫寲瀛﹀墺绂伙紝Xu 绛夛蓟8锛介氳繃鍔犲叆娴揌2 SO4瀵逛綋鐩告爱鍖栫⒊杩涜鍖栧鍓ョ銆傛祿纭吀鍜屼綋鐩告爱鍖栫⒊鐨勬贩鍚堟憾娑叉參鎱㈠掑叆閫傞噺姘翠腑锛屽埄鐢ㄦ祿纭吀鍜屾按娣峰悎鐨勭儹鏁堝簲浣縃2 SO4 鍒嗗瓙鎻掑叆鍒颁綋鐩告爱鍖栫⒊鐨勫す灞備腑浠庤屽疄鐜扮撼绫崇墖灞傜殑鍓ョ銆傜粨鏋勫垎鏋愯鏄庢墍寰楀崟灞傛爱鍖栫⒊鐗囧眰鐨勬瘮琛ㄩ潰绉槑鏄惧澶э紝鐢靛瓙杞Щ鍜屽垎绂绘晥鐜囨彁楂橈紝杞芥祦瀛愬鍛藉欢闀裤傚彲瑙佸厜鐓у皠涓嬶紝鍗曞眰姘寲纰崇墖灞備骇姘㈢巼鏄綋鐩告爱鍖栫⒊鐨?. 6 鍊嶏紝鍌寲鑻厷闄嶈В鐨勯熺巼鏄綋鐩告爱鍖栫⒊鐨? 鍊嶏紝鑰屼笖鎵寰楁潗鏂欑殑绋冲畾鎬у緢濂姐? 浜斻佸墠瀛樺湪鐨勯棶棰樺拰涓浜涜В鍐虫柟娉?鐭冲ⅷ鍖栨爱鍖栫⒊鍌寲娲绘ц櫧鐒剁浉姣斾簬绾⒊鏈変簡鏄庢樉鐨勬彁楂橈紝浣嗘槸鐢变簬鍏舵瘮琛ㄩ潰绉緝浣庯紝瀵肩數鎬ц兘杈冨樊锛屽鑷磄-C3N4鐨凮RR鍌寲娲绘т粛鐒跺浜庢瘮杈冧綆鐨勭姸鎬併俒3]鎵浠ワ紝褰撳墠鎬ラ渶瑙ｅ喅g-C3N4姣旇〃闈㈢Н鍙婄數娴佸瘑搴︾殑闂銆備负浜嗚В鍐宠繖涓闂鐩墠鏈夊绉嶈В鍐虫柟妗? 飦?涓庨珮姣旇〃闈㈢Н鐐粦杩涜娣峰悎锛屾彁楂樼數娴佸瘑搴︼紱 飦?灏嗕粙瀛旂⒊銆佺⒊榛戝拰鐭冲ⅷ鐑紩鍏ユ爱鍖栫⒊涓紱[4] 飦?3D g-C3N4 NS-CNT澶氬瓟澶嶅悎鏉愭枡鐨勫埗澶囷紱 飦?鐭冲ⅷ鐑礋杞斤紝寮曞叆杩囨浮閲戝睘锛岃皟鎺ц繃娓￠噾灞炵殑鍚噺锛屾彁楂樺偓鍖栨椿鎬с?鍏佺數鍖栧娴嬮噺 灏嗗埗澶囩殑鍌寲鍓傛斁鍦ㄧ幓鐠冪⒊鏃嬭浆鍦嗙洏鐢垫瀬浣滀负宸ヤ綔鐢垫瀬銆傚湪ORR鍜孫ER娴嬭瘯涓紝宸ヤ綔鐢垫瀬浠?,600 rpm鏃嬭浆銆傚弬鑰冪數鏋佷负4 M KCl婧舵恫涓殑Ag/AgCl锛屽鐢垫瀬涓虹煶澧ㄦ銆傛墍鏈夌殑鐢典綅閮藉弬鑰冧簡鍙嗘阿鐢垫瀬(RHE)锛屽苟涓旀墍鏈夌殑鏋佸寲鏇茬嚎閮戒慨姝ｄ簡缁嗚優鍐呯殑iR璐＄尞銆侽RR鍜孫ER璇曢獙鐨勭數瑙ｈ川鏄疧2楗卞拰鐨?.1 M KOH婧舵恫鍜孨2楗卞拰鐨?m KOH婧舵恫銆傛棆杞瑀ing-disk鐢垫瀬(RRDE) voltammogram娴嬮噺璁＄畻鐨勫ゥ灏旂數瀛愯浆绉籖RDE閰嶇疆涓婅繘琛屼簡鏁伴噺320渭m宸窛Pt鐜數鏋併傛哀鍖栦换浣旽O2-涓棿浜х墿鐨勭幆鐢典綅鍦?0.5 V鏃舵槸鎭掑畾鐨勩傜數瀛愯浆绉绘暟(n)纭畾濡備笅锛? 鍏朵腑Id涓哄渾鐩樼數娴侊紝Ir涓虹幆褰㈢數娴侊紝N涓篜t鐜殑鐢垫祦閲囬泦鏁堢巼锛岀瀹氫负0.37銆? 鍙傝冩枃鐚?[ 1] WANG X C, MAEDA K. 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Chem. 2013, 85, 5595 鈥?5599; c) S.Yang, Y. Gong, J. Zhang, L. Zhan, L. Ma, Z. Fang, R. Vajtai, X.Wang, P. M. Ajayan, Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2452 鈥?2456. 锛?7锛絅iu P锛孼hang L锛孡iu G锛孋heng H 锛?M锛?Graphene 锛?Like Carbon nitride Nanosheets for Improved Photocatalytic Activities锛籎锛斤紟 AdvancedFunctional Materials锛?012锛?2( 22) : 4763 锛?4770锛?锛?8锛絏u J锛孼hang L锛孲hi 锛诧紝Zhu Y锛?Chemical exfoliation of graphitic carbon nitride for efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis 锛籎锛斤紟 Journal of Materials Chemistry A锛?013锛?( 46) : 14766锛?
2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案
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