Design of a teaching building in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Structural design, in general, aims at achieving structures that satisfy safety criteria, serviceability and durability under specified service conditions. Since uncertainty is ubiquitous in engineering design,incorporation of uncertainties in engineering design is essentially required [1]. Reliability analysis offers the theoretical framework for considering uncertainties in engineering decision scheme [2]. Reliability can be defined as the probability that a structure or system can perform a required function under specified service conditions during a given period of time [3]. Conversely, the failure probability (or probability of failure) is the probability that a structure does not perform satisfactorily within a given period of time and stated conditions. The proposes of this paper are threefold. The first is to outline a development of the structural design philosophies precisely the limit state method, then focus on its design calculation and finally come out with a computing design analysis. 1.A timeline of the development of the structural design methods and theoriesThe reliability theory is the engineering structure design control parameter, so in order to make the engineering structure design completed more smoothly; it is necessary to deeply study and analyze the reliability theory of engineering structure. Structural reliability is about applying reliability engineering theories to buildings and, more generally, structural analysis [4] [5]. It is a probabilistic measure of structural safety. The reliability of a structure is defined as the probability of complement of failure (Reliability = 1- Probability of Failure). The failure occurs when the total applied load is larger than the total resistance of the structure. Structural reliability has become known as a design philosophy in the twenty-first century, and it might replace traditional deterministic ways of design [6] and maintenance. [5]The development of structural engineering design theory has gone through three stages, known as design philosophies, namely, the working stress method, the ultimate state method and the design method of the limit state. A design philosophy is a set of assumptions and procedures which are used to meet the conditions of serviceability, safety, economy and functionality of the structure. Limit state design also known as load and resistance factor design, is analyze a structure in a limit state which is a condition of structure beyond which it no longer fulfills the relevant design criteria. Limit state design requires the structure to satisfy two principal criteria: the ultimate limit state (ULS) and the serviceability limit state (SLS) [7].Since the 1970s, reliability theory has been adopted by various countries.Cornell (1969) has put forward a First-Order Second Moment method, which isa Probabilistic method to determine the stochastic moments of a function withrandom input variables [8], Hasofer and Lind (1974) and Rackwitz and Fiessler(1978) were key players on its development. It provides a simple and effectiveapproach for obtaining a nominal failure probability usually expressed assurrogate measure of reliability variously known as safety index, reliability index or β-index. However, it involved some drastic simplifications both on the presentation of the random variables and of the physics of the structural system.In recent years, the theoretical work of reliability of engineering structuredesign has become an important link in architectural design, and many relevantscholars and designers have been analyzing and studying it continuously, andmany concrete methods and related concepts have been put forward. At present,several more mature calculation methods have been analyzed, such as responsepolygon method, first-order moment method, Monte Carlo method, high-ordermoment method and random finite element method. But this does not completelyavoid human error, many structural failures are not due to the uncertainty of the strength of the load, but because there is no way to avoid man-madeerrors in the construction, for this problem is still not a good solution tothe problem, need to be further improved and developed [9].2 Design calculation method of RC framework structure2.1 The basic principles of the limit state design method based on probability statisticsProbability limit state design method refers to the structural design method based on probability theory, which measures the reliability of structure based on the main factor of load effect and the resistance of the influence structure as a random variable. This design method is characterized by a clear definition of structural reliability expressed on a probability scale, which makes a more consistent level of reliability between the various components of the structure and between the structures of different materials through pre-defined reliability indicators [10]. In the past, the allowable stress method used a safety factor K (referred to as a single coefficient method), which is to use only one safety factor to determine the reliability of the structure. Now a number of sub-coefficients (referred to as multi-coefficient method) are used, the structure calculation is more detailed and more reasonable, different cases, give different sub-factors. These sub-coefficient coefficients are determined by the statistical probability method, so they are of practical significance [11].2.2 Approximate calculation method of force and horizontal displacement in frame structureThe frame structure is a spatial force system, which is often simplified into a flat frame for analysis in order to facilitate hand calculation. The approximate hand calculation method of the current watering plane frame structure according to elasticity theory includes: the layering method under vertical load, the reverse bending point method under the horizontal load effect, and the anti-bending point method (D-value method) [10]. When the vertical load is combined with the horizontal load, the inner force of the frame and the horizontal displacement can be calculated separately, and then super imposed. The layering method is used for internal force calculation under vertical load, the anti-bend point method is applied to the calculation of the frame force under the effect of horizontal force of the beam bar stiffness ratio is greater than 3, and the D-value method is applied to the internal force settlement of the frame structure under the effect of horizontal force of the beam bar stiffness is less than 3. The use of these methods makes the following assumptions:(1) Ignore beam, column axial deformation and shear deformation(2) The rod is an equal cross-section (insensitivity), and the axis is calculated with the rod shaft as the frame.(3) The side shift under the vertical load is very small, so when calculating under the vertical load, it is assumed that the structure has noSide shift.2.3 Structural seismic reaction analysis methods and their applicable conditionsStructural seismic reaction analysis is the core content of engineering seismic design theory and a key step to determine structural reaction. The seismic reaction analysis method of housing structure includes static analysis, reaction spectrum analysis and time analysis [11]. The reaction spectrometry takes into account that the seismic velocity of mass points has a magnification effect relative to the motion acceleration of the ground, uses the dynamic calculation method to calculate the seismic reaction of the mass point system, and establishes the velocity, acceleration and displacement reaction spectrum related to the structure self-vibration cycle. Includes the bottom shear method and the vibration decomposition reaction spectrometry. For structures with a height of no more than 40m, shear deformation, and a relatively uniform distribution of mass and stiffness along the height, and a structure similar to a single-mass system, the bottom shear method can be used. In addition to the structure included above, it is advisable to use vibration decomposition reaction spectrometry. In addition, particularly irregular buildings, Class A buildings and high-rise buildings above a certain height should be used by time-range analysis for supplementary calculations in the event of multiple earthquakes.2.4 Impact of stairs on the calculation of internal forces in the overall structure and design recommendationsAccording to the reference, the overall calculation of the frame structurestaircase participation structure has a great influence on structuralstiffness and twisting, increases the structural stiffness, and reduces theside shift, which has obvious effect on the stiffness side shift and less onthe cycle. And the effect on the cycle, side shift and twisting effect ofthe stair direction is greater than that of the vertical direction of thestairs. At the same time, stair components have a certain contribution tostructural stiffness, the impact on the frame structure is greater, becauseof the contribution of stair structure to structural stiffness, the structurewill be subject to greater seismic force under the influence of earthquakes,internal force calculation and rib should take into account the impact ofthis aspect; the twisting effect increases, the design should consider theimpact of stairwell on the twist, the frame structure of the ladder plateunder the influence of the earthquake to produce a large shaft force, underthe repeated action of the earthquake, the ladder board alternately in thepull bend, bend state, it is recommended to consider the horizontal loadeffect in the design of the ladder.The construction requirements of the platform beam and platform plate component connected to the ladder should be strengthened. In the earthquake due to the pull of the ladder, part of the platform beam and platform board separated, but also pay attention to the platform beam cutting and twisting damage. For the frame structure, the stairwell frame column should form a frame short column, some rest platform beams are selected from the column, should strengthen the construction requirements of the beam node.2.5 Seismic performance analysis of RC frame structure with construction seamsThe effect of construction seams on the seismic performance of frame structures is related to the degree to which the structure or components enter nonlinearity. Under the small shock, the structure is in the elastic force state, the influence of the construction seam can be ignored, under the medium shock and the big earthquake, the structure enters the nonlinear, the influence of the construction seam begins to be highlighted, mainly in the way the apex displacement of the structure increases, the displacement angle between layers increases, the displacement between the displacement of the displacement of the distribution form changes, the local reaction of the key components, etc. Moreover, the deeper the nonlinearity of the structure, the more obvious the influence of the construction seam.The bomb plasticity analysis under the earthquake, for the seismic level of two and below, and the basic self-vibration cycle and the site characteristic shorter period of the framework, if the safety reserve is low, should consider the adverse effects of the construction seam. The calculation and analysis of the large-scale vibration under the control index can be carried out by the maximum displacement angle of the weak layer projectile, and the construction seam may increase the displacement angle between the largest layers under the large earthquake, and its function is to further consider the adverse factors in the earthquake, and to better estimate the risk of performance degradation after the structure enters strong nonlinearity. With the maximum interlayer displacement angle as the control index, the adverse effects of construction seams on the seismic performance of the frame structure can be comprehensively reflected.3 Computer modeling design analysis3.1. Application of PKPM in frame structure.Designers use PKPM for structural design has become more and more popular,notonly PKPM has a convenient and quick modeling method, more importantly, ithas a powerful computing power, can carry out complex finite element analysis,making it possible for designers to complete large rits in a shorter period.However, regardless of how perfect the processing function, PKPM can only beused as an auxiliary design tool, as to the parameter settings and theoperation of the software or by the design staff to control, so it can notcompletely replace the role of the designer. In the "building design seismicspecification"(GB50011-2001) Article 3.6.6 is made specific and clearrequirements, designers in the use of software for structural calculations,the function of the software should have a realistic understanding, in orderto correctly use, and the results of the calculation to be judged, to confirmits reasonable and effective. 3.2 BIM (Building Information Modeling)BIM concept envisages virtual construction of a facility prior to its actualphysical construction, in order to reduce uncertainty, improve safety, work out problems, and simulate and analyze potential impacts [31].Sub-contractors from every trade can input critical information into the model before beginning construction, with opportunities to pre-fabricate or pre-assemble some systems off-site. Waste can be minimized on-site and products delivered on a just-in-time basis rather than being stock-piled on-site [31]. Less errors: The initial stage of the design checks out the problem, reducingcosts and controlling expenses. High efficiency: Seamless data exchange standards shorten the time of theEntire planning adjustment. Good design: Very early modeling patterns and perfect design outlines can beseen by using high-resolution visualizations. Low risk: Asset managers can improve security operations. All modelinginformation must be viewable throughout the validity period.The shortcomings are relatively small, mainly the lack of technical specifications, different manufacturers of design standards have differences. In addition, BIM is hesitant about technological innovation, because the investment return is not in place, investors tend to invest in technology is very cautious.References[1] John Wiley 2234., 9 January 2017). [6] S. K. G. R. 570, 1999. [9] P. S. R. T. e. a. Adams AJ, " Casing system risk analysis using structural reliability," SPE/IADC , 1993. [10] X. L. Q. M. X. W. Z. M. L.P. Ye, "Seismic nonlinear analytical models, methods and examples for concrete structures," Eng Mech, vol. 23 (2) , pp. pp. 131-140, 2006 . [11] B. A. Gao X, " Probabilistic model and statistical parameter of earthquake effect," Earthq Eng Eng, vol. Vib 1, p. 1322, 1985. [12] D. D.,. C. W. Arthur H. Nilson, DESIGN CONCRETE STRUCTURES [M], McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003. [13] McGraw-Hill, Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003. [14] Z. J. Y. ZHAO Haiyan, "Discussion on Course Teaching of Software of PKPM Building Structure Design[J]," Journal of Hebei Radio TV University, vol. 30 (1), pp. 283-284, 2011. [15] X. W. F. W. S. B. Y.M. Li, "Comparison between seismic performances of RC frames designed according to Chinese and European Codes," J Earthquake Eng Eng Vib , vol. 27 (6), pp. pp. 82-87, 2007. [16] X. Xiuli, Concrete frame structure design, second edition, Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 2016. [17] T. U. T. U. Southeast University, Concrete structure and masonry structure design, Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 2008 . [18] C. C. E. Society, 'Guide to durability design and construction of concrete structures (CCES01-2004), Beijing: Chinese Building Industrial Press, 2005 Edn . [19] McCormac, The term limit state is used to describe which a structure or a part of structure ceases to perform in intented function. There two categories of limit state: strength and serviceability, p.50, 2008. [20] A. R. J. a. Y. Y. Grider, Structural Concrete Design [M]．, Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC,, 1999. [21] B. A. (. P. m. a. s. p. o. e. e. E. E. E. V. 1. Gao X. [22] I. Elishakoff, "Uncertain Buckling: Its Past, Present and Future," Int. J. Solids Struct., vol. 37 (4647), p. pp 68696889, Nov. 2000.. [23] Z. W. a. G. J. Dong Jun, Graduation Design Guide for Civil Engineering Majors - Housing Architecture Subbook, Beijing: China Water and Hydropower Press, 2002. [24] A. B．S．Smith, Tall Building Structures Analysis and Design, 1991. [25] S. M.Piryonesi and M. (. J. 2. ". m. p. m. f. s. c.-s. o. (. p. i. t. m. o. s. J. o. C. E. 2. Tavakolan. [26] "GB 50011-2010. Building seismic design specifications". [27] "GB 50010-2010. Concrete Structure Design Specifications". [28] "GB 50009-2012. Building structure load specification". [29] "GB 50007-2011．Building Foundation Design Specifications"[30] Eastman, Charles; Fisher, David; Lafue, Gilles; Lividini, Joseph; Stoker, Douglas; Yessios, Christos (September 1974). An Outline of the Building Description System. Institute of Physical Planning, Carnegie-Mellon University[31] TheSmith, Deke (2007). "An Introduction to Building Information Modeling (BIM)"(PDF). Journal of Building Information Modeling: 124.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1 Problems studied(1) The arrangement of structural construction seams(2) The effect of stairs on the calculation of internal forces in the overall structure(3) The verification and results analysis of numerical models2 Ways to studyBy consulting the relevant literature, using PKPM and other related software for architectural design and structural design, to complete the drawing of construction drawings. The overall idea of structural design is as follows:(1) Load calculation, obtaining the load of the plate(2) Beam, column, board size estimation(3) Beam, column stiffness calculation(4) Load calculation of beam column(5) The layering method calculates the internal force of the beam column under the action of vertical load(6) The internal force of the frame under the action of horizontal force (horizontal seismic force, wind load, etc.)(7) Load combination and then cross-sectional rib design calculation and plate cross-section calculation(8) Vertical load transfer, under-bar base calculation design(9) Seismic verification(10) PKPM for verification(11) Construction drawing