1. 研究目的与意义(文献综述包含参考文献)
文 献 综 述一、帕金森病1、帕金森病的简介 帕金森病(parkinson's disease, pd),又名震颤麻痹,于1817年首次提出,以英国内科医生詹姆.帕金森的名字而命名[1],它是因人体神经细胞中黑质内含黑色素的细胞退化,使输入到纹状体(尾状核和壳核)的多巴胺能减少,因而导致体内乙酰胆碱与多巴胺的平衡被破坏,引发震颤、痉挛、认知障碍等症状,是属于一种神经退化性疾病[2]。
2、帕金森病的治疗在帕金森症的药物治疗中,因多巴胺在帕金森病的发病过程中起着关键作用[3],其中多巴胺药物、直接或间接的多巴胺拮抗剂,是目前临床治疗帕金森症的主要药物。
二、盐酸普拉克索1、盐酸普拉克索的简介中文名称:盐酸普拉克索[4],化学名:s(-)-2-氨基-6-丙基氨基-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并噻唑二盐酸盐,英文名:pramipexole dihydrochloride,为新一代为非麦角碱类d2和d3多巴胺受体激动剂,分子式为c11h17n3s.2hcl.h20, ca注册号为104632-25-9,分子中含有手性结构,存在光学异构体。
2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案
1、课题研究内容本课题研究由盐酸普拉克索的中间体合成盐酸普拉克索的多种方法,在对这几种方法从高效、节能、快捷、环保以及成本等多方面进行分析比较,从中找出相对最为环保高效快捷节能的合成路线。
2、课题研究方案[20,21]本课题最终选择路线为丙酸酐-NaBH4/BF3.Et2O路线参考文献[1] Guy S. The history of Parkinson's Disease[J]. Med., 2004, 32(11): 93-95.[2] Zhang Z X, Roman G C,Hong Z, et al. Parkinson's disease in China: prevalencein Beijing, Xian and Shanghai[J]. Lancet, 2005, 7(4): 365-366.[3] 孟冬齐,徐江平.抗氧化剂对帕金森病的保护作及机制的进展[J].医学综述,2006, 12(2): 113-114.[4] Kurkowska J, Babiuch M, Joniec I. Indomethacin protects against neuron-egeneration caused by MPTP intoxication in mice[J]. Int. Immun. , 2002,2(3):213-218.[5] Litvinenko I.V.,Odinak M.M.,Mogil'naiaV.I..Pain and depression in Parkinsons disease:Newtherapeutie possibilities of prantipexole[J].Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova.2008,108(11):36~40[6]刘腾,崔向丽,王春颖.普拉克索的药理和临床研究[J].中国医院用药评价与分析.2009,9(2):157~158.[7]张医芝.新型多巴胺受体激动剂普拉克索治疗帕金森病的临床研究[D].硕士学位论文.长春:吉林大学.2008[8]GuttrnanM.Double-blind comparison of pramipexole and bromocriptine treatment with placebo in advaneed Parkinsons disease[J].International Pramipexole-Bromocriptine Study Group.Neurology.1997,49(4):1060~1065.[9]温洪波,张振馨,罗毅等.普拉克索治疗帕金森病的多中心、随机、双盲、溴隐亭对照临床疗效和安全性研究[J].中华神经科杂志,2006,39(9):604~608.[10] Ushmorov A, RaRer F,Lehmann V,Droge W,et al. Nitric oxide-induced apoptosisin human leukemic lines requires mitochondrial lipid degradation and cyrochromec release [J]. Blood, 1999,93(7): 2342-2352.[11]孙晋瑞,王功霞,李晓英.帕金森氏病用药-普拉克索[J].齐鲁药事,2005,24(11): 702-703.[11] 王萌,蔡德山.青涩PD用药市场慢热[J].医药经济报,2010, 4(3): 1-5.[12] Claus S. Dopamine autoreceptor agonists: resolution and pharmacological activity of 2,6-diamino-tetrahydrobenzothiazole and an aminothiazole analogue of apomorphine[J]. J. Med. Chem., 1987,30(3): 494-498.[13] Mariappan P,Muniappan T. Methods of enhancement of reactivity and selectivity of sodium borohydride for applications in organic synthesis [J], J. Org. Chem.,2000, 609(2): 137-151.[14] Bozik M. Compositions of R( )and S(-)Pramipexole and methods for using the same. WO: 200713707[P], 2007-11-29.[15] Gerhart G, Rudoff H. Tetrahydro-benzthiazoles: the preparation thereofandtheir use as intermediate products or as pharmaceuticals. US: 4731374[P], 1988-3-15.[16] Bendre D S. Process for the preparation of Pramipexole. EP: 17315141[P],2005-02-06.[17] Gustavo P C, Jorge M J. Method of obtaining 2-amino-6-alkyl-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazoles. US: 7638542[P],2009-02-29.[18] Zivec M S. Novel process for synthesis of Pramipexole and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. European Patent: 2125761 [P],2008-04-14.[19] Ashwini K G, Balu A, Kumar T, et al. Process for the preparation of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-trahydro-6-aminobenzothiazoles from cyclohexanes and cyclohexanones as intermediates. US: 0106224[P], 2006-3-18.[20]陈佳.盐酸普拉克索的合成与质量研究[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:中南大学.2012[21]王玉军.盐酸普拉克索的合成工艺研究[D].硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳药科大学.2009
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