绿色混凝土建筑:可持续设计与施工外文翻译资料

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1.4emsp;Sustainability and Civil Engineering

Civil engineers looked at sustainability as a policy and principle of practice. For the first time after years of debate, as a professional body, ASCE has revised its Code of Ethics to make the principles of sustainable development part of the canon of civil engineer-ing practices and introduced it as a policy statement that is continuously updated.The concept of sustainability deals primarily with sustainable development as defined by the ASCE in 1996: “Sustainable Development is the challenge of meeting human needs for natural resources, industrial products, energy, food, transportation,shelter, and effective waste management while conserving and protecting environ-mental quality and the natural resource base essential for future development.” Sustainability in the developed as well as in the developing world requires scien-

tific and technical innovations to create designs that enable the earth and its inhabit-to prosper and therefore should be considered a universal phenomenon.encourages the use of life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) principles in the design process to evaluate the total cost of projects. The analysis should include planing, design, construction, operation, maintenance, regulatory, environmental, safety,and other costs reasonably anticipated during the life of the project, whether borne by the project owner or those otherwise affected. When the cost of a project is estimated only for design and construction, the long-term costs associated with maintenance,operation, and retiring of a project are overlooked. One of the most significant ele-

ments for the planning and designing of facilities is the determination of the totaleffect of life-cycle costs on a project. The rationale in the use of LCCA is to raise the awareness of owners, clients, and the public of the total costs of projects and promote quality and comprehensive engineering solutions. Short-term design cost savings that lead to high future costs will be exposed as a result of the analysis.

1.5emsp;Some Myths about Sustainability

The sustainability and green building movements have given rise to more discussion on the topic and created some critical issues, which may or may not be significant.This section takes a critical, hard look at some myths about sustainability and con-crete from a global perspective.

1.5.1emsp;Sustainability Is a New Phenomenon

Sustainability as introduced now in our life may be new, but it was always part of our engineering works. Thus, if the structure is designed well and the constructors (both engineers and builder) follow certain engineering guidelines, it will be sustainable.Sustainability has moved into our lives and will remain with us. Professionally speak-ing, ASCE was the first to adopt sustainability as a policy in 1996 to provide civil engineering principles for the profession to follow. In 2010, the US GSA established the position of chief greening officer, who is responsible for pursuing innovative Downloaded by [Rice University] at 07:23 06 November 2014

Introduction 7 and sustainable practices within his or her domain of buildings. On the other hand,it has been shown that it does not cost more to convince clients to embrace Green Principles via sustainable construction. Later, the American Institute of Architects(AIA) also adopted similar principles. The US Green Building Council (USGBC) has also made an impact on the profession, showing the very high rate of growth inall aspects of the green movement and sustainability.In todayrsquo;s society, the idea of sustainability is possibly more prevalent than at any other point and time. Across our everyday lives we encounter the practice of sustainability from renewable energy resources to curbside recycling programs. As our demand for products, infrastructure, and lifestyle amenities grows, so should our awareness that we live in a fragile balance between meeting these needs and meeting them in a way that has minimal impact on the environment and does not jeopardize our own public health and safety. Civil engineers of the present and future will play a vital role in sustainable development in meeting the needs of the public. Their design and building of infrastructures support our society.

1.5.2emsp;Sustainability Is an Intrinsic Part of Our Educational System

Future generations must become aware of sustainability as early as possible in their lives since they will be faced with the problems when they become part of the profession. Earlier in education, teachers should make them aware of follow-ing the “3 Rs” (renew, restore, reuse). Recent events such as the bridge collapse in Minneapolis, the ever-growing demand for transportation infrastructure, a continu-ing increase in population, and concerns of global warming have made educat-ing new engineers on the concept of sustainable development ever more important.Todayrsquo;s civil engineering student is exposed to the need for sustainable develop-

ment from many directions.The university professor should incorporate sustainable development into the curriculum to make it consistent with the times. The institution and individual fac-ulty member must ensure that students are being educated on practicing sustainable development. On the other hand, students have an ethical responsibility to take the principle of sustainable development and carry it on into their professional careers.This will happen only with a clear understanding of the importance of sustainable development and its application in their future jobs. Only a handful of firms use the sustainable solution on the entire project from concept to reality (completion). Sustainability will change with the times and with constantly advancing practices and use of new and better products and technology applications. Construction professionals need to make an effort to learn about new opportunities for making their products more

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