拟南芥生物胁迫诱导钙信号缺失相关研究
摘要:长期以来,科学家一直希望在植物中找到像动物中的黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)那样繁殖快、易于在实验室培养、适于遗传操作的实验材料,进而从根本上改变植物遗传学研究的长期落后状况。拟南芥作为植物学中重要的模式植物之一。拟南芥与油菜、萝卜、卷心菜等同为十字花科植物, 向下细分为鼠耳芥属。拟南芥又名鼠耳芥、阿拉伯芥、阿拉伯草,拉丁文名为Arabidopsis thaliala (L.) Heynh。拟南芥作为一种草本植物广泛分布于欧亚大陆和非洲西北部。自然界中对植物胁迫的因素很多,包括生物和非生物
两大方面。拟南芥对各种胁迫反应涉及多种细胞信号传导途径,如水杨酸途径、茉莉酸途径和乙烯途径等。而植物受到胁迫后又可以引起一系列在基因转录,蛋白表达方面的变化。研究各种胁迫因素对其的影响和作用机制可以更深入的揭示拟南芥这种模式植物体生长、发育、进化和代谢控制。本文着重阐述拟南芥与生物胁迫因子相互作用,从而为在基因和蛋白质水平研究植物生理生化功能提供帮助。
关键词:拟南芥;生物胁迫;信号传导;研究进展
Study on calcium signal loss induced by biological stress in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Abstract: Scientists have long hoped to find materials in plants that reproduce as quickly as the animal fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, are easy to grow in the lab, and can be genetically manipulated, then fundamentally change the long-term backwardness of plant genetics research. Arabidopsis is one of the important model plants in botany.Arabidopsis, like rape, radish and cabbage, is a cruciferous plant, subdivided into the genus ERYNGII. Arabidopsis is also known as Arabidopsis Thaliala (L.) , Arabidopsis Thaliana, and Arabidopsis. In Latin, Arabidopsis Thaliala (L.) Heynh. Arabidopsis Thaliana is widely distributed as a herbaceous plant in Eurasia and northwestern Africa. There are many factors of plant stress in nature, including biotic and Abiotic. Two major aspects. Arabidopsis responses to various stresses involve a variety of cell signal transduction pathways, such as salicylic acid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway and ethylene pathway. But after the plant stressed, they can cause a series of changes in the gene transcription, the protein expression aspect. The study on the effects and mechanisms of various stress factors can reveal the growth, development, evolution and metabolic control of Arabidopsis Thaliana. This paper focuses on the interaction between Arabidopsis Thaliana and biological stress factors, so as to provide help for the study of plant physiological and biochemical functions at gene and protein levels.
Key words: Arabidopsis; Biological Stress; Signal transduction; Progress
一、文献综述
拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)是芥菜或十字花科一年生小杂草(十字花科芸薹属),长期作为植物遗传学的研究对象。拟南芥的生命周期很短,从种子到种子只需8-12周,个体植物通常是自花授粉并且在所有基因位点趋于纯合。模式植物的选择和利用对于开展遗传分析、基因克隆和功能研究意义重大,拟南芥由于其植株小、结实多、生命周期短、基因组简单、遗传操作简便,近四十年来由田野里不起眼的小草成为植物研究领域最耀眼的明星。全世界有超过六千家实验室正在对拟南芥的生长发育及其对环境应答的过程开展深入研究。与其它物种相比,其核基因组很小,体细胞中仅有5对染色体,大概有12,000万对碱基携带约20,000个基因,而且几乎不存在DNA重复序列。2000年已完成了对拟南芥基全部基因组的测序工作,为功能基因组的研究提供了足够的条件。随着对拟南芥基因测序工作的完成,拟南芥成为植物基因定位方法的研究中重要的研究手段之一,这对于理解光合作用和其他植物的特有的功能,以及在分子和细胞水平上理解高等生物共有的基本过程具有重要意义。因此,拟南芥在植物生物学研究的许多方面被用作模式植物,加快了植物研究方法的进步。并随着后基因组时代的到来,对拟南芥基因组研究的突破将给许多植物的了解带来革命性的变化。
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