高盐工业废水的资源化利用开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Different industrial activities such as agro-food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Large amounts of wastewater were generated in industrial production. The compositions of industrial wastewater are complex and often contained a large number of inorganic salts and organic matter. As a result, wastewater treatment is inefficient and costly. The difference in the production process leads to different components in the wastewater. After the wastewater was reused or concentrated for many times, the salt content can reach a higher level.Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land-based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. The escalating population is causing rapid expansion in agricultural and industrial sectors, and this results in a higher demand for water, which is essential for sustaining every life-form on this blue planet. The major sources of water for irrigation of agricultural fields, industry and human and animal consumption are rivers, groundwater and lakes. Due to climatic changes, the occurrence of floods and droughts has become frequent in many parts of the world. On top of that, increasing water pollution from the waste released from various sectors like industry, agriculture, households, municipalities, etc., has greatly contributed to the decline of the quality and quantity of potable water. An ever-increasing volume of saline effluents from industries, oilgas fields, and desalination plants has resulted in an enormous amount of pollutants with undesirable effects on the environment and human health. Conventional disposal techniques mostly suffer from direct or indirect contamination of water/soil and are no longer preferred. As a result, several advanced treatment methods are being considered for sustainable saline effluent management in recent times. Existing treatment approaches, including membrane operation, thermal processes, chemical techniques, and biological methods..Industrial wastewater is the aqueous discard that results from substances having been dissolved or suspended in water, typically during the use of water in an industrial manufacturing process or the cleaning activities that take place along with that process. It is not just a by-product of oil and gas or mining and chemical manufacturing companies, but also a by-product of food and beverage processing industries, essential in the making of the clothes on our back, the shoes on our feet, the computer at our fingertips, and the car we drive. Industry is an essential engine of economic growth worldwide and requires adequate resources of good quality water as a key raw material. Global annual water use by industry is expected to rise from an estimated 725 km3 in 1995 to about 1,170 km3 by 2025, by which time industrial water usage will represent 24% of all water abstractions. Industrial use of water increases with country income, ranging from 10% for low-and middle-income countries to 59% for high-income countries.The specific composition and volume of the industrial waste will, of course, depend on the use to which the water has been put. Typical industries which produce significant volumes of wastewaters include paper and fiber plants, steel mills, refining and petrochemical operations, chemical and fertilizer plants, meat packers and poultry processors, vegetable and fruit packing operations and many more. Industrial discharges may consist of very strong organic wastewaters with a high oxygen demand or contain undesirable chemicals that can damage sewers and other structures. They may contain compounds, which resist biological degradation, or toxic components, which interfere with satisfactory operation of the wastewater treatment plant. A less obvious source, which must be considered an industrial waste, is thermal discharge since it lowers dissolved oxygen values. The salinity of the wastewater from the many industries mentioned varied widely from

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

(1) For industrial high salt wastewater, literature search and data collection, reading and summarizing;(2) Write graduation thesis according to the format requirements of graduation thesis.