2020届英文翻译

题目: 以社区治理和冲突解决为工具管理和发展尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区

英文原文

COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION AS TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA

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1.Introduction

Years of deprivation and the failure of government to address the problems and grievances of communities in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria have culminated in deep-seated suspicion, apathy towards civic responsibility, open hostilities to guest business organizations and a resort to criminal activities including kidnapping, armed robbery and vandalism. Unfortunately, these have all had negative outcomes for the people of the area, who have lost economically, socially and politically in the scheme of things as a result. This scenario interprets at the macro level the circumstances of this part of the Nigerian state. At the micro level, unemployment, lack of sustainable means of livelihood, low literacy level, early mortality, disease, extreme poverty, suspicion, lack of trust for leaders, and, prevalence of primordial sentiments and prejudices have all coalesced into a state of near-anarchy and skepticism on the part of the people.

Against this above background, it is at best, difficult to expect good governance, low level of conflicts and fulfillment of peoplesrsquo; potentials in local communities. Nevertheless, it is arguably under conditions of adversity that the true strength and resilience of a set or group of determined people, who are bonded together in a common identity and destiny, often comes to the fore. This therefore makes it imperative that the response of the peoples of this area to their dilemma and problems be re-strategized. The entry point of this discussion is an examination of the requirements for pursuing such response from the perspectives of community governance and conflict resolution, using best practices. The ultimate aim is to create a framework that can facilitate the establishment of a relatively peaceful atmosphere that will conduce internally-driven community development.

This paper attempts a discourse of the imperatives of governance and conflict resolution with a view to presenting frameworks and principles for solving development problems in Niger Delta Region communities. Ultimately, it presents an alternative internal management-based approach towards the desired transformation of this area of Nigeria.

2.Theoretical framework and discussion

The purpose of governance is to bring about orderly development of society and realization of the objectives and aspirations of members of the community. The underpinning philosophy of community governance is therefore that good governance of local communities is a critical requirement for achieving self-determination and socio-economic development (Hunt amp; Smith, 2005). This calls for designing and constructing effective, responsive and sustainable governance structures that enjoy the peoplersquo;s legitimacy. It is with such a vehicle that the community can position itself to effectively take advantage of the opportunities that emerge in the environment and contain the threats and challenges that confront them. Given a credible governance structure, the community can engage meaningfully with governments at various levels. This vital interface is the key to ensuring coordinated demand for rights, entitlements and support from government and other development partners towards societal development and progress. It is also with this apparatus that a community can deal effectively with issues of internal reconciliation. In view of this, attention should now shift from recrimination to facing the reality of developing a resilient governing system that can guarantee the achievement of a strong, economically viable, socially stable and politically sophisticated society in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.

2.1Governance

All organizations, entities, institutions and communities need some form of governance to be successful. Governance in a broad sense describes the structures, mechanisms and instruments used in organizing the individual and corporate behavior of an entity. It is an essential element that ensures stability of the system and the protection of the interests of various stakeholders connected to it. The policies, rules, processes, practices, programs and institutions used in administering, directing, controlling, guiding and restraining the operations and affairs of the entity collectively therefore constitute the elements of its governance. The governance structure distributes and assigns responsibility and authority. It also creates and allocates power bases within the system for specified individuals to make decisions and control resources in a responsible and accountable way. In a generic sense, governance deals with group decision- making in a way that addresses the common or shared problem of a group of people. Governance is more about the processes through which decisions are made, rather than the substance of the decisions made (Carrington, DeBuse amp; Lee, 2008).

2.2The community

Although the term community may be interpreted in several different ways, it however basically describes a network of people, groups and organizations linked together by a web of personal relationships, cultural and political conn

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2020届英文翻译

题目: 以社区治理和冲突解决为工具管理和发展尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区

英文原文 2

Introduction 2

Theoretical framework and discussion 3