2020届英文翻译

题 目: 个人力量在青少年受害与犯罪行为关系中的调节作用

2020年1月

英文原文

Moderating effects of personal strengths in the relationship between juvenile victimization and delinquent behaviors

Abstract

Background: Robust evidence suggests a strong association between juvenile victimization anddelinquency. Yet, there is a lack of research on the protective factors at the individual level that may buffer the relationship between victimization and delinquent behaviors.

Objectives: This study adopted a positive psychology perspective to examine the effects of three types of personal strength (self-regulation, interpersonal, and intellectual) on the relationship between different types of victimization and delinquency.

Participants and Setting: Data were collected from 631 Chinese migrant children (mean age = 10.52 plusmn; 0.92 years) via convenience sampling.

Methods: Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire that assessed experiences of victimization in family, interpersonal, and community settings, involvement in delinquent behaviors, and personal strengths.

Results: The prevalence of different delinquent behaviors was significantly higher in the victimization groups than in the non-victimization groups. Regression analyses revealed that all three types of personal strength served as direct predictors of delinquency (B_{self-regulation} = minus;0.46, S_{Eselfregulation} = .09, p lt; .001; B_{interpersonal strength} = minus;0.23, S_{Einterpersonal strength} = .06, p lt; .001;B _{intellectual strength} = minus;0.19, S_{Eintellectual strength} = .05, p lt; .001), while self-regulation further moderated the victimization-delinquency relationship. When self-regulation was high, the association between victimization and delinquency was significantly weaker than when self-regulation was low.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that personal strengths are important protective factors for youth exposed to experiences of victimization. Identifying methods to help victims recognize, develop, and use their personal strengths should be integral to support and intervention efforts for young victims.

Keywords: Juvenile victimization，Delinquency，Personal strength，General strain theory，Positive psychology，Chinese

1. Introduction

Juvenile victimization refers to a wide spectrum of experiences, including conventional crimes, child maltreatment, sexual abuse, violence by peers and siblings, and witnessing violence (Finkelhor, 2011). An alarmingly high prevalence of victimization among youth has been reported worldwide according to national survey data. One study reveals that 87% of children in the U.S. have experienced some form of victimization in their lifetime, and another that 38.7% of children in the U.K. had experienced more than one type of direct victimization in the year preceding the study (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, amp; Hamby, 2009; Radford, Corral, Bradley, amp; Fisher, 2013). In China, 71% of urban adolescents were found to have experienced at least one form of victimization in their lifetime and 14% reported experiences of multiple forms of victimization (i.e., poly-victimization) (Chan, 2013). These findings suggest that juvenile victimization has become a serious social problem worldwide.

Adolescence is a period of extremes, this signifying the fact that the adolescent oscillates between being hard working and lazy, exuberant and apathetic, cruel and sensitive. Because of this, adolescence has been given different names: juvenile crisis, originality crisis, the difficult age, the drama age, the age of great ideals etc. Viewed from another perspective, adolescence represents the most complex developmental stage of the youth on his way to maturity. This stage seems to be the most problematic in the educational process because of the frequent physiological disturbances, emotional imbalances, character deviances and behavioral disturbances which often accompany maturation. Biological development is diversified and individualized, sensitivity and imagination are enriched, conduct becomes increasingly unstable, ideals are nuanced gaining new values, creativity is stated more and more visibly, through the array of personal initiatives, which frequently force the adolescent to be in conflict with the ambiance. In this period the most frequent conflicts are with parents and educators. One of the traits of the adolescent is being a person that overtly claims his autonomy and individuality, but at the same time remains profoundly dependant on the family frame of childhood.

From an ecological perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 1994), juvenile victimization can be categorized into different types in terms of the context in which it occurs (Finkelhor, Turner, amp; Ormrod, 2006). Such categorization is essential for researchers and practitioners to better understand the risks and protective factors in multiple contexts, and the impact of different types of victimization on childrenrsquo;s health. Victimization at the microsystem level (i.e., the direct setting where the child is embedded, such as within the family or at school) has the most direct and severe influence on childrenrsquo;s physical and psychological health (Bowen amp; Bowen, 1999), while community victimization at the mesosystem level (i.e., relationships among m

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2020届英文翻译

题 目: 个人力量在青少年受害与犯罪行为关系中的调节作用

学 院: 法学院

专 业:___________ 社会工作 ______________

班 级:___ 社会工作1602 ___

姓 名:___________ 张婷 _______

指导教师:_____ 宋巨盛 _______

2020年1月

目 录

英文原文 2

Abstract 2

Introduction 3

Method 12

Results 19

Discussion 23

Reference 30

中文译文 36

摘要 36

介绍 36

方法 43

结果 48

讨论 51

英文原文

Moderating effects of personal strengths in the relationship between juvenile victimization and delinquent behaviors

Abstract

Background: Robust evidence suggests a strong association between juvenile victimization anddelinquency. Yet, there is a lack of research on the protective factors at the individual level that may buffer the relationship between victimization and delinquent behaviors.

Objectives: This study adopted a positive psychology perspective to examine the effects of three types of personal strength (self-regulation, interpersonal, and intellectual) on the relationship between different types of victimization and delinquency.

Participants and Setting: Data were collected from 631 Chinese migrant children (mean age = 10.52 plusmn; 0.92 years) via convenience sampling.

Methods: Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire that assessed experiences of victimization in family, interpersonal, and community settings, involvement in delinquent behaviors, and personal strengths.

Results: The prevalence of different delinquent behaviors was significantly higher in the victimization groups than in the non-victimization groups. Regression analyses revealed that all three types of personal strength served as direct predictors of delinquency (B_{self-regulation} = minus;0.46, S_{Eselfregulation} = .09, p lt; .001; B_{interpersonal strength} = minus;0.23, S_{Einterpersonal strength} = .06, p lt; .001;B _{intellectual strength} = minus;0.19, S_{Eintellectual strength} = .05, p lt; .001), while self-regulation further moderated the victimization-delinquency relationship. When self-regulation was high, the association between victimization and delinquency was significantly weaker than when self-regulation was low.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that personal strengths are important protective factors for youth exposed to experiences of victimization. Identifying methods to help victims recognize, develop, and use their personal strengths should be integral to support and intervention efforts for young victims.

Keywords: Juvenile victimization，Delinquency，Personal strength，General strain theory，Positive psychology，Chinese

1. Introduction

Juvenile victimization refers to a wide spectrum of experiences, including conventional crimes, child maltreatment, sexual abuse, violence by peers and siblings, and witnessing violence (Finkelhor, 2011). An alarmingly high prevalence of victimization among youth has been reported worldwide according to national survey data. One study reveals that 87% of children in the U.S. have experienced some form of victimization in their lifetime, and another that 38.7% of children in the U.K. had experienced more than one type of direct victimization in the year preceding the study (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, amp; Hamby, 2009; Radford, Corral, Bradley, amp; Fisher, 2013). In China, 71% of urban adolescents were found to have experienced at least one form of victimization in their lifetime and 14% reported experiences of multiple forms of victimization (i.e., poly-victimization) (Chan, 2013). These findings suggest that juvenile victimization has become a serious social problem worldwide.

Adolescence is a period of extremes, this signifying the fact that the adolescent oscillates between being hard working and lazy, exuberant and apathetic, cruel and sensitive. Because of this, adolescence has been given different names: juvenile crisis, originality crisis, the difficult age, the drama age, the age of great ideals etc. Viewed from another perspective, adolescence represents the most complex developmental stage of the youth on his way to maturity. This stage seems to be the most problematic in the educational process because of the frequent physiological disturbances, emotional imbalances, character deviances and behavioral disturbances which often accompany maturation. Biological development is diversified and individualized, sensitivity and imagination are enriched, conduct becomes increasingly unstable, ideals are nuanced gaining new values, creativity is stated more and more visibly, through the array of personal initiatives, which frequently force the adolescent to be in conflict with the ambiance. In this period the most frequent conflicts are with parents and educators. One of the traits of the adolescent is being a person that overtly claims his autonomy and individuality, but at the same time remains profoundly dependant on the family frame of childhood.

From an ecological perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 1994), juvenile victimization can be categorized into different types in terms of the context in which it occurs (Finkelhor, Turner, amp; Ormrod, 2006). Such categorization is essential for research

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