城市设计的起源外文翻译资料

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毕业设计(论文)外文翻译

城市设计的起源

Urban design is a discipline that focuses on urban planning, urban layout, urban appearance, urban functions, and especially urban public space.There are many different opinions on the understanding of urban design, which can be roughly summarized as follows:The definition of urban design in the encyclopedia Britannica is: 'urban design is the reasonable treatment and artistic arrangement of the urban environment.'

In his book On the city -- its generation, growth and decline, the famous Finnish architect Saarinen summarized the meaning of urban design as follows: 'urban design is a three-dimensional space, while urban planning is a two-dimensional space, both of which are to create a good and orderly living environment for residents.'Urban design is primarily concerned with the planned layout and design of the surrounding or inter-building, including corresponding elements, such as the three-dimensional space formed by landscape or topography.'

In his book Urban design: the American experience, J.Lang added the time dimension to urban design, emphasizing the concept of development and believing that 'urban design focuses on human settlements and their four-dimensional physical layout'.

城市设计的发展

1. Original naturalistic urban design

At the initial stage of urban development, the relationship between man and nature was relatively simple, and the organizational relationship within the city was relatively simple. The city was closer to a large 'settlement'.At this time, urban design is basically manifested as the passive acceptance and active adaptation of human groups to nature, and the spatial organization relationship within cities generally takes family and clan as the core, with Chinese geom antic theory as its outstanding representative.Geom antic theory can be said to be a whole set of urban (settlements) and architectural space organization design and evaluation method system, one of its central ideas is to minimize the damage to the natural environment, the maximum use of the natural environment can provide the crowd shelter, security, connectivity and other internal functions;Another core idea is to strive to create the optimal urban spatial layout, to ensure that both individuals and groups living in it can maintain a lasting and stable balance.The basic spatial elements of urban design in this period can be summarized as: mountains, water and courtyards.

(2) Ancient symbolic urban design

With the enhancement of humans ability to conquer nature, the social organization relationship in cities becomes more and more complicated, from self-organized community relationship to organized society with kingship and religion as the core.The basic feature of urban design in this period is no longer simply following the nature, but trying to express a certain group concept, to express the spiritual struggle between man and nature, or even to strengthen the kingship, church and group cohesion as a means.Urban design began to take on symbolic meanings, such as symbolizing religion, kingship or nature worship (celestial bodies, astrology, mountains, sea, etc.).Such as the Ming and Qing dynasties Beijing city design, a symbol of royal power;The ancient Mayan city of Dotihan symbolizes heavenly bodies and stars;Sun city.The basic spatial elements of urban design in this period can be summarized as geometric form and central axis.

(3) Modern people-oriented urban design

In the 1960s, people began to rethink again, and the core idea was that urban design should be people-oriented and seek individual value.Unlike classical humanism urban design, the urban design embodies the individual from the group of comprehensive and non-local liberation, it not only requires equal from individual to individual, the urban design in both thought and operation to consider different people, different individual needs and interests of the residents, and not in some design ideas imposed on individuals.The urban design in this period emphasized public participation and residents sense of home, emphasized the protection and creation of urban sites with individuality and historical value, and emphasized the territorial, defensible and identifiable living space of residents.More successful examples include the urban design of downtown San Francisco and New York.The basic spatial elements of urban design in this period can be summarized as community and place.

(4) Urban design in a broad sense

In recent years, with the advent of the information age and the new century, sustainable development and peaceful coexistence and balance among human beings have become the basic direction for the future.Future humans are neither natural masters nor natural servants. Their relationship is symbiosis and co-prosperity.The future urbanite s are not only free and independent individuals, but also members of the big urban family.The city of the future is a bright 'Eco-city';The future urban design is neither people-oriented nor nature-based, but to achieve the unity of heaven, earth and human.The process of urban design for Eco-city can be called generalized urban design.

广州市历史街区概念性框架规划

SOMrsquo;s City Design Practice has developed a comprehensive plan to revitalize Guangzhoursquo;s Old Town as a priceless asset for the city. With a systematic and integrated approach balancing historic preservation, modern reinvestment, and community revitalization, the plan seeks to enrich the lives of Guangzhou residents and to maximize the potential of this area as a premier destination for visitors. Located in the cityrsquo;s western area, about 10 kilometers from the Tianhe Central Business District, Old Town will

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