1. 研究目的与意义
1.1研究背景：
1.1.1新烟碱农药的定义、分类及危害
新烟碱类农药是一种与生物碱尼古丁类似的神经活性杀虫剂[1]，能高效杀灭多种重要害虫，因其具有杀虫谱广、环境兼容性好、内吸性高等优点而被广泛用于提高农作物产量、保护园林等，是全球最重要的杀虫剂之一[2-4]。
2. 研究内容和预期目标
2.1研究主要内容：
（1）研究生物炭在不同的制备方法下对其理化性质的影响；
（2）通过对比实验推断影响生物炭性能的重要因素；
3. 研究的方法与步骤
3.1拟采用的研究步骤：
4. 参考文献
| [1] Tomizawa M, Casida JE. Neonicotinoid insecticide toxicology mechanisms of selective action [J]. AnnualReview of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2005, (45): 247-268. [2] James K L, Randall N P, Walter K F A, et al.Evidence for the effects of neonicotinoids used in arable crop production on non-targetorganisms and concentrations of residues in relevant matrices: A systematicmap protocol [J]. Enviromental Evidence, 2016, 5(1): 22-31. [3] Simon D N, Amaral R V, Belzunces L P, et al.Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends,uses,mode ofaction and metabolites [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015,22(1): 5-34. [4] LapwanitS, Trakulsujaritchok T, Nongkhai P N. Chelating magnetic copolymer compositemodified by click reaction for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueoussolution [J]. Chemical Engineering, 2016, (289): 286–295. [5] 朴秀英,嵇莉莉,林荣华, 等. 新烟碱类杀虫剂登记与管理现状分析[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2015, 35(3): 70-74. [6] 张敏恒,赵平,严秋旭,等.新烟碱类杀虫剂市场与环境影响[J]. 农药, 2012, 51(12):859-862. Zhang M H, ZhaoP, Yan Q X, et al. The market and environmental impact of the neonicotinoidinsecticides [J]. Agrochemicals, 2012, 51(12): 859-862. [7] 贺艳，邓月华. 水环境中新烟碱类农药去除技术研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2020, 39(7): 1963-1976． He Y, Deng Y H.A review on the removal technologies of neonicotinoid pesticides from aquaticenvironment [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 39(7): 1963-1976. [8] ZhangP, Ren C, Sun H W, et al. Sorption,desorption and degradation ofneonicotinoids in four agricultural soils and their effects on soilmicroorganisms [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, (615): 59-69. [9] 谭颖，张琪，赵成，等. 蔬菜水果中的新烟碱类农药残留量与人群摄食暴露健康风险评[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2016, 11(6):67-81. TanY，Zhang Q，ZhaoC，et al. Residues of neonicotinoid pesticides invegetables and fruit and health risk assessment of human exposure via foodintake [J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2016, 11(6): 67-81(in Chinese). [10] HamsanH, Ho Y B, Zaidon S Z, et al. Occurrence of Commonly used pesticides inpersonal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers. ScienceTotal Environment, 2017, (603): 381-389. [11] AntoniadisV, Shaheen S, Levizon E, et al. A critical prospective analysis of thepotential toxicity of trace element regulation limits in soils worldwide:Arethey protective concerning health risk assessment?A review [J]. EnvironmentalInternational, 2019, (127): 819-847. [12] 李庆维，赵霞，魏晋飞，张瑞．生物炭在土壤环境中的应用研究及展望．应用化工. Applied Chemical Industry, 2021, ISSN1671-3206, CN 61-1370/TQ. [13] Denyes M J, Langlois V S, Rutter A, et al.The use of biochar to reduce soil PCB bioavailability to Cucurbita pepo andEisenia fetida [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, (437): 76-82. [14] Hamed K S P, Mona D, Yong S Ok, et al. Acomprehensive review of engineered biochar: Production, characteristics, andenvironmental applications [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, (270): 122462. [15] XuG, Lv Y, Sun J, et al. Recent advances in biochar applications inagricultural soils: Benefits and environmental implications [J]. Clean-Soil, Air,Water, 2012, 40(10): 1093-1098． [16] WuY, Xu G, Lv Y C, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on soil physical andchemical properties：Current status and knowledge gaps [J]. Advancein Earth Science, 2014, 29(1): 68-79. [17] Jong-HP, Yong-S O, Seong-H K, et al. Competitive adsorption of heavy metals ontosesame straw biochar in aqueous solutions [J]. Chemosphere, 2016, (142): 77–83. [18] YangF, Zhang S, Li H, et al. Corn straw[1]derivedbiochar impregnated with α-FeOOH nanorods for highly effective copper removal,removal. Chemical Engineering [J], 2018, (348): 191–201. [19] KramerR W, Kujawinski E B, Hatcher P G. Identification of black carbon derivedstructures in a volcanic ash soil humic acid by Fourier transform ioncyclotron resonance mass spectrometry [J]. Environmental Science andTechnology, 2004, 38(12): 3387-3395． [20] ChuG, Zhao J, Huang Y, et al. Steinberg, C E W. Phosphoric acid pretreatmentenhances the specific surface areas of biochars by generation of micropores[J]. Environtal Pollution, 2018, (240): 1-9. [21] Chen,Z, Zhang, W, Wang, G, et al. Bioavailability of soil-sorbed tetracycline toEscherichia coli under unsaturated conditions. Environmental Science Technology,2017, 51, (11): 6165–6173. [22] SuoF Y, You X W, Ma Y Q, et al. Rapid removal of triazine pesticides by P dopedbiochar and the adsorption mechanism [J]. Chemosphere, 2019, (235): 918-925. [23] ChunY, Sheng G Y, Chiou C T et al. Compositions and sorptive properties of cropresidue-derived chars. Environmental Science Technology, 2004, 38, (17): 4649-4655. [24] DanishM, Ahmad T. A review on utilization of wood biomass as a sustainableprecursor for activated carbon production and application [J]. Renewable andSustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, (87): 1-21. |
5. 计划与进度安排
1.2022.01.10-03.08：查阅和研究文献资料，完成英文翻译。
2.2022.03.09-03.27：撰写开题报告，构思论文框架。
3.2022.03.28-05.10：开展并完善实验。
课题毕业论文、开题报告、任务书、外文翻译、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。
